Apparitions and Archaeology Tour

<img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/app%20and%20arch%20banner.jpg?raw=true" style="max-width: 80%;"> Michigan State University's [[Campus Archaeology Program]] and [[Paranormal Society]] Present: ## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Apparitions and Archaeology Virtual Tour] Welcome to our virtual tour! Since its establishment in 1855, Michigan State University has developed its own unique history that has led to numerous legends, including some spooky ones! To share all we know about the history of these ghostly sites and stories, the Campus Archaeology Program has combined written, photographic, cartographic, and archaeological evidence. Join us as we explore these sites, their past, and their place on campus today. This tour is self-guided and a "choose your own adventure!" so feel free to click on any of our stops below to learn more! Thank you for taking our Haunted Tour, we would greatly appreciate you filling out a brief survey about the event. Thank you so much for your time! (link: "Click Here To Take Survey")[(goto-url: 'https://msu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_dccvJCLt19CJ5dz')] #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> ## <div class="center">[[References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beaumont Tower] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3908/A001043.jpg" alt= "Beaumont Tower, 1929, during construction. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 60%;"> </div> <div class="center">Beaumont Tower, 1929, during construction. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Beaumont Tower has not always been a fixture on campus. Construction began in 1928 to commemorate [[College Hall]], the first building on campus and the first building in America built for instruction in scientific agriculture. After College Hall collapsed in 1918, an artillery garage stood in this spot until three alumni, upset that the garage stood at the location of their beloved College Hall, paid for the construction of a memorial structure which became known as Beaumont Tower (Kuhn 1955:13, 266; Beaumont 1928). <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3999/A001133.jpg" alt= "This photograph shows seven male students standing at the entrance of College Hall. The text on the back reads: West Side College Hall 1892. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 70%; width: auto;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows students standing at the entrance of College Hall. The text on the back reads: "West Side College Hall 1892." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ##[[Beaumont Archaeology]] ##[[Beaumont Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Sleepy Hollow] <img src= "https://www.hmdb.org/Photos3/393/Photo393802o.jpg" alt= "Sleepy Hollow Marker on MSU's campus." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Sleepy Hollow marker on MSU's campus.</div> This area of campus is actually part of the [[Sacred Space]] and [[Beal Garden]], which were first started in the early 1870’s when Professor [[William J. Beal->William Beal]] began working at the university. This area was meant to be a space for experimentation and collection of plants. Starting in 1877, it was formally referred to as the Botanic Garden. One feature that is no longer present was a brook that ran across campus and through Beal Garden. A substantial bridge covered the brook, which stood between [[College Hall]] and Abbot Hall. In 1884, when Abbot Hall was constructed (now the location of the Music Practice Building), it was determined that this bridge was no longer sturdy enough and plans were made to change the landscape (Kuhn 1955: 14, 114). Soil removed during the construction of Abbot Hall’s basement was used to fill in the ravine where the bridge once stood while the brook was redirected using cement drains. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2713/A000242.jpg" alt= "Dr. Beal pictured standing in his Botanical Gardens. The back reads, "Dr. Beal in the Botanical gardens, which he planned and began in 1877." Photo dated 1900-1909. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Dr. Beal (lower right) pictured standing in his Botanical Garden. The back reads, "Dr. Beal in the Botanical gardens, which he planned and began in 1877." Photo dated 1900-1909. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> The area known today as Sleepy Hollow used to be the site of the brook and part of the expansive gardens. In fact, during the winter when it snows, you can see the redirected underground river because the warmth of the water causes the snow immediately above it to melt. Although our campus has not always looked as it does now, historical and archaeological investigations have taught us a great deal about the [[historic landscape->Roads, Paths, and Landscape]] of MSU. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2884/A000021.jpg" alt= "Professor W.S. Holdsworth of the Department of Drawing standing at the footbridge among the Willows. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center">Professor W.S. Holdsworth of the Department of Drawing standing at the footbridge among the willows. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3828/A000632.jpg" alt= "Professor W.S. Holdsworth leaving the bridge at Abbot Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%"> <div class="center">Professor W.S. Holdsworth leaving the bridge at Abbot Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ## [[Sleepy Hollow Archaeology]] ## [[Sleepy Hollow Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Sleepy Hollow References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Saints' Rest] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3901/A000895.jpg" alt= "This photograph shows students clearing the land around Saints' Rest. The text on the back of the photograph reads: "Built 1857. Burned 1876." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:75%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows students clearing the land around Saints' Rest. The text on the back of the photograph reads: "Built 1857. Burned 1876." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> Saints’ Rest was the first dormitory on campus. Constructed in 1857, it allowed students to live close to both their classes and fellow classmates. The building was constructed to house 56 students, but with increasing enrollment over the years, eventually over 80 young men were crammed into its rooms. A [[lack of funds|Lack of Funds]] meant that structural upkeep lagged, leaving the building in poor condition as the years went on (Kuhn 1955:53). In the winter of 1876, while students were on break, the building [[burned down->Fires]] (Kuhn 1955:83-87). The foundation was filled in with the debris, and its location marked only by a small stone plaque. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ##[[Saints' Rest Archaeology]] ##[[Saints' Rest Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Saints' Rest References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Fountain] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/fountain%20image.jpg?raw=true" alt= "MSU 1900 Fountain, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">MSU 1900 Fountain, undated photograph. <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-4574/class-of-1900-fountain-date-unknown/"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> While it often goes unnoticed on campus, this fountain was donated as a gift from the Class of 1900, which explains the large "1900" printed on the fountain. However, this was not the original class gift but was a replacement after the original Class Stone was burnt down and shattered by their junior class (Williams 2014). This fountain was placed on the spot where the original stone once stood. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/fountain_class_1900_A001225.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Class of 1900 posing by their stone, dated to 1900. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="left">Class of 1900 posing by their stone, dated to 1900. <a href="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/fountain_class_1900_A001225.jpg?raw=true"target="blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> <div class="column"> <img src="https://msuarchives.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/a005419.jpg?w=819" alt= "Men paying respect to the buried Class Stone, dated to 1900. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%"> <div class="right">Men paying respect to the buried Class Stone, dated to 1900. <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/main/burried_class_stone_A005419.webp">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> It is located along the sidewalk between the current [[MSU Museum]] and [[Linton Hall]] with the horse trough side facing out towards the sidewalk. The opposite side (facing away from the sidewalk) features what used to be a regular drinking fountain for humans. The fountain itself was constructed from sandstone and is 7 ft tall. While this fountain no longer works, it has been noted as a "a thoughtful gift on hot summer days, both useful and beautiful" (Williams 2014). To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ## [[Fountain Archaeology]] ## [[Fountain Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Fountain References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .left { margin: left; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .left { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .right { margin: left; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .right { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Morrill Hall] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2650/A001032.jpg" alt= "Color post card depicting Morrill Hall, ca. 1912. Printed on the top left corner of the card is: Women's Building, M.A.C., Lansing, Mich. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Post card depicting Morrill Hall, ca. 1912. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> Although female students were first admitted to MSU (then called the [[State Agricultural College|MSU Timeline]]) in 1870, an official “women’s course” was not added into the curriculum until 1896. This new program triggered a large increase in enrollment for women attending the school, and it was clear that a building was needed for female housing (Kuhn 1955:167). Morrill Hall, constructed in 1899, was originally called the Women’s Building and served as a dormitory and instructional facility for female students at MSU (Kuhn 1955:221). One of the women admitted to the M.A.C in 1986, [[Irma Thompson]], recorded her experiences and gives insight into the ways that the male-dominated college made space for female students (Michael 2014). <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4120/A001267.jpg " alt= "Color cost card depicting Morrill Hall, ca. 1912. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows a group of female students posing outside of Morrill Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ##[[Morrill Hall Archaeology]] ##[[Morrill Hall Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Morrill Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Mary Mayo Hall] <img src="https://msuarchives.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/a000343.jpg?w=768" alt= "This is a picture of Mary Mayo Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections" style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">This is a picture of Mary Mayo Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> [[Mary Mayo]] Hall is located on the old plot of [[Faculty Row->Mary Mayo Archaeology]], the first faculty homes built on [[M.A.C.’s|MSU Timeline]] campus. Beginning in the 1920s, the old faculty houses were replaced, moved, or demolished to create space for new dormitory housing. Mary Mayo Hall was finished in 1931 and was the first West Circle residence hall on campus (MSU Archives 2011). Today, Mary Mayo’s location is better known as part of the North Neighborhood of MSU’s campus. However, Mary Mayo Hall is more famously known for its [[paranormal activity->Mary Mayo Apparitions]]. Like Mary Mayo Hall, each new dormitory building that replaced the old faculty houses was named after prominent women from MSU’s history, including: [[Louise Campbell]], [[Maude Gilchrist]], [[Linda Landon]], [[Sarah Williams]], and [[Elida Yakeley]]. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ##[[Mary Mayo Archaeology]] ##[[Mary Mayo Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beal Garden] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Beal%20Gardens_MSU%20Today_2015.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Beal Botanical Gardens on MSU's campus." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Beal Botanical Garden on MSU's campus (MSU Today 2015).</div> Beal Botanical Garden is the longest continually maintained university garden in the nation. It was established in 1873 by [[William Beal]], [[M.A.C.'s|MSU Timeline]] second Professor of Botany. When he arrived at M.A.C., Beal turned much of the area southwest of College Hall into a “wild garden” that he used as an outdoor laboratory. By the time Beal retired in 1910, over 2,100 species were represented in the garden! The garden contained over 700 species of flowering plants. The planting, labeling, and maintenance of the garden was done almost entirely by Beal’s students. When Beal died in 1924, the Michigan State Board of Agriculture renamed the garden after him. <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/botanical_gardens_1909_A001694.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Botanical Gardens, dated to 1909. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 105%;"> <div class="center">Botanical Garden, dated to 1909. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4543/A001694.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ## [[Beal Garden Archaeology]] ## [[Beal Garden Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beal Garden References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .left { margin: left; height: auto; width: 50%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .left { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 15px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[MSU Museum] <img src= "https://maps.msu.edu/interactive/__public/img/map-images/museum.jpg" alt= "Picture of MSU Museum. Image courtesy of MSU Interactive Map." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of MSU Museum. Image courtesy of MSU Interactive Map.</div> The MSU Museum is known today for its status as one of the oldest museums in the Midwest and as the first to receive Smithsonian affiliate status within the state of Michigan (MSU Museum 2020). The museum holds a variety of exhibits on its three floors and is open to the public seven days a week, free of charge. MSU has housed museum collections since its establishment in 1857. While the collections were initially spread across campus, this changed in 1881 when [[Linton Hall]] was built as the [[M.A.C.'s|MSU Timeline]] "library-museum" (MSU University Scholarships & Fellowships 2014). In 1927, upon the construction of the MSU Museum building, the collections were relocated once again - where they have stayed ever since! <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-1981/A006972_21.jpg" alt= "Taxidermy specimen from MSU Museum collection, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 70%;"> <div class="center">Taxidermy specimen from MSU Museum collection, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> In addition to the previous locations and the historical relevance of the artifacts and collections, the MSU Museum itself has quite a history due to its current plot on campus, where [[Williams Hall]], one of the first instructional buildings on campus, once stood. The MSU Museum locations and collections have clearly played a large role at MSU. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at this site, click one of the links below! ##[[MSU Museum Archaeology]] ##[[MSU Museum Apparitions]] To find out more about the other sites at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|MSU Museum References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Mary Mayo] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6604/A003629.jpg" alt= "Picture of Mary Mayo, dated to 1860-1869. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Mary Mayo, dated to 1860-1869. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Mary Mayo, known as “Mother Mayo,” was born in May 1845 near Battle Creek, Michigan and later became a district schoolteacher at age seventeen and married American Civil War veteran, Perry Mayo at age twenty (MSU Archives 2020a). After raising a son and daughter together, Mary and Perry Mayo became two of the founding members of the Grange, which advocated for women’s right and opportunities to pursue college educations. While Mary Mayo wanted her daughter to attend college at the Michigan Agricultural College [[(M.A.C.)|MSU Timeline]], a women's studies program did not yet exist. Mary Mayo pushed for a new women’s focused program with [[domestic science courses|Domestic Science Laboratory]] at M.A.C. and is often credited for their creation, as 42 women officially enrolled in the Home Economics Program in 1896. Although Mary Mayo succumbed to illness in 1903, her legacy lives on at MSU. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Mary Mayo Archaeology] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/faculty_row_5_A001585.jpg?raw=true" alt= "This is a photograph of Faculty Row #5, dated to 1944. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 90%;"> <div class="center">This is a photograph of Faculty Row #5, dated to 1944. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4430/A001585.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> Construction for Faculty Row began in 1857, the first year of instruction at the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan|MSU Timeline]] and two years after the establishment of the college in 1855. By 1885, eleven houses had been built in total and were identified via a numbering system moving east to west (1-10 and 14) (Bright 2018). The houses were built in the image of nineteenth-century farmhouses, which included large front porches, backyards, and a small horse barn. All these houses have since been demolished, repurposed, or moved, apart from [[Cowles House]], which is now the oldest standing structure on MSU’s campus. Today, Cowles House is still used as a house by our current University President, Dr. Samuel L. Stanley. In 2008, the [[Campus Archaeology Program]] excavated Faculty Row between Landon and Campbell Halls (Meyers 2013). Historic material uncovered include [[wood plumbing pipes->Infrastructure]] and [[bricks]] made of clay sourced from the Red Cedar River and fired on campus. These artifacts illustrate how the early M.A.C. had to rely on locally sourced materials in order to construct the first buildings on campus. <img src="https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/wyckoff_wooden_water_pipe.gif?w=1200" alt= "This is GIF of a 3D model of the wood plumbing pipe found during the excavation between Landon and Campbell Halls. The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan." style="width: 70%;"> <div class="center">This is GIF of a 3D model of the wood plumbing pipe found during the excavation between Landon and Campbell Halls. The full model can be viewed on <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan.</div> To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[Mary Mayo Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Mary Mayo Apparitions] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/mary_mayo_portrait_A003629.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Picture of Mary Mayo in Mary Mayo Hall, dated to 1860-1869. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 95%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Mary Mayo in Mary Mayo Hall, dated to 1860-1869. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6604/A003629.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> [[Mary Mayo]] is supposedly the most haunted building on campus (Bicsak 2013)! Several strange occurrences have been reported, including a woman’s figure, believed to be the ghost of Mary Mayo, walking through the West Lounge. And many say they have heard the piano playing on its own… The most infamous story from Mary Mayo Hall surrounds the Red Room on the fourth floor of the building (Bicsak 2013). It is rumored that it was once painted bright red and used for satanic rituals – claiming the life of one woman. Today, the entire floor is closed off to students, but unexplained lights and figures are often seen through the windows of the fourth floor. A portrait of Mary Mayo hangs on the first floor of the building, but students each year claim that her eyes will follow you across the room. To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[Mary Mayo Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Making Bricks on Campus] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6245/A003793.jpg" alt= "Photograph of brick salvage piles. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections" style="max-width:75%;"> <div class="center">Photograph of brick salvage piles. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> The bricks used to construct the first buildings on campus were manufactured right here at MSU. Historical records indicate that the clay for these bricks was gathered from [[Sleepy Hollow]] and is the reason why that area sits so low today. It is not entirely clear where the bricks were formed and fired or dried, but that work may have been done in the Adams Field area, near [[Cowles House]], the oldest standing structure on MSU’s campus (Kuhn 1955:203). Board of Trustees records from 1855 and 1856 show that to reduce costs, the building committee prioritized identifying and using local clays found on the campus grounds as well as constructing a brickyard to produce them (MSU Archives 1855:5; 1856:7). In 1857 the university contracted a Mr. A. Wood to produce 500,000 bricks for the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan|MSU Timeline]]. As part of the agreement the school allowed Mr. Wood free use of the brickyard and clays found on campus (MSU Archives 1857:18-19). The [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] stopped making their own bricks by the turn of the 20th century and the presence of college-made bricks at archaeological sites on campus helps CAP date the deposit. Finding bricks like these would tell archaeologists that they were looking at remains from one of the older buildings on campus (Kuhn 1955:182). This is particularly useful because CAP finds bricks almost everywhere we dig campus! Identifying bricks helps us identify which bricks may be of historical importance and which may be from last week. There are many of both historic and modern bricks because when older buildings on campus are demolished, the rubble must be removed, buried, or both! In the 19th and early 20th centuries, workers at M.A.C. often dumped these remains in occupied parts of campus or used them in land alteration projects. CAP archaeologists discovered that the remains of [[College Hall->Beaumont Archaeology]] were used to shore up the sides of the Red Cedar River in the 1920s (Lewandowski and Brock 2010). To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beaumont Archaeology] [[College Hall]] was erected in 1856, a year after the school was founded as the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan|MSU Timeline]]. The building was plagued with problems from the start, but it was not until the early 1900s, when the Michigan Agricultural College [[(M.A.C.)|MSU Timeline]] began to transform the building into a student union, that the extent of [[poor construction->Poor Construction]] became clear. On August 12, 1918, a portion of College Hall came crashing down as the band played the national anthem at a war trainees’ retreat (Kuhn 1955:15,263). <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/college_hall_collapsed_A001478.jpg?raw=true" alt= "College Hall in the process of being deconstructed in 1918. The roof and outside wall from after the collapse are viewable. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center"> College Hall in the process of being deconstructed in 1918. The roof and outside wall from after the collapse are viewable. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-1471/A001478.jpg"target="blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> Beaumont Tower itself was constructed where the northeast corner of College Hall once stood. Sections of the foundation walls for the original building still exist underneath the sidewalks here. In the fall of 2009, the [[Campus Archaeology Program]] tested areas north and south of Beaumont Tower and discovered the foundation of College Hall. Excavations also revealed [[cinder pathways->Roads, Paths, and Landscape]] which showed how students and faculty may have navigated the Sacred Space during M.A.C.'s early years. The area west of Beaumont Tower was also excavated during two CAP field schools in 2011 and 2012 (Lewandowski and Brock 2010; Akey and Burnett 2020). <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/img_0344.jpg?resize=300%2C225" alt= "Northeast Corner of College Hall Foundation, 2009. Note the rounded stones and bricks used in foundation." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center"> Northeast Corner of College Hall Foundation, 2009. Note the rounded stones and bricks used in foundation.</div> </div> The [[Moore artifact]], a piece of rubble from College Hall found during excavations along the north bank of the Red Cedar River, indicates that the college used the remains of the demolished building to shore up the sides of the river (Lewandowski and Brock 2010). It will be interesting to see where other rubble from other 19th century buildings turn up across campus. To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ## [[Beaumont Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Poor Construction in Early Years] There is a history of poor construction on MSU's campus. While much of it was contributed to by a [[lack of funds|Lack of Funds]], there are many ways in which it can be seen in the archaeological record. [[Bricks|bricks]] made on campus in the 19th century from locally sourced clays tended to be yellowish and quite soft (Kuhn 1955:263; Brock 2009b). Soft-fired brick allows moisture to seep into the brick and in climates that experience both rainy falls and freezing winter, like here in Michigan, the water trapped behind the surface can expand and fracture or spall the brick (Collins-Cecil 2015). Unfortunately, there is no fixing soft brick (Wisconsin Historical Society 2020) and M.A.C.’s renovation and rehabilitation efforts during the 20th century could not save many of the earliest buildings. <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/3486/3468354146_53a5d5422d_3k.jpg" alt= "A collection of bricks found by CAP archaeologists. It is likely that some of these may have been made on campus during the 19th century. Note the yellowish brick in the top right, a good example of a campus made brick." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">A collection of bricks found by CAP archaeologists. It is likely that some of these may have been made on campus during the 19th century. Note the yellowish brick in the top right, a good example of a campus made brick.</div> </div> The construction of [[College Hall]] was completed piecemeal by various careless contractors due to [[lack of funds|Lack of Funds]]. In fact, the opening of the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan|MSU Timeline]] in 1857 was delayed because of a dispute over the defective construction of the buildings. Complaints included that some doors would not open, others would not close, flooring that was supposed to be made of hardwood was instead made of soft pine, the roofs leaked, and the foundations of College Hall sagged. While visible defects were corrected, structural ones were not and the knowledge of them faded over time (Kuhn 1955:15-18). Soft-fired brick, poor construction, and incomplete fixes are why so many of the early college buildings failed well before their time. <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/3297/3614511358_ae61ce57a5_k.jpg" alt= "A photograph from the Beal Street Excavations in 2009. The yellow bricks in the center of the wall indicate that some of this rubble is from a 19th century structure, like College Hall. CAP archaeologists believe that these bricks are possibly related to Cowles House, which was formerly part of Faculty Row." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">A photograph from the Beal Street Excavations in 2009. The yellow bricks in the center of the wall indicate that some of this rubble is from a 19th century structure, like College Hall. CAP archaeologists believe that these bricks are possibly related to Cowles House, which was formerly part of Faculty Row.</div> </div> In the late 1910s, the decision was made to renovate College Hall into a student union. However, when workers opened the walls and floors, they found that the building rested on plank footings, the foundation was built on a long-decayed tree stump, the bricks were soft, and the walls were hollow. Renovations were stopped and shortly after, in August 1918, College Hall collapsed (Kuhn 1955:263). <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2064/A007241.jpg" alt= "Workmen standing around the ruins of College Hall, after it fell. August 1918. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Workmen standing around the ruins of College Hall, after it fell. August 1918. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> [[Archaeological investigation of the College Hall|Beaumont Archaeology]] foundation wall reinforced these historical observations. Rather than using cut stone, the foundation of College Hall was built of small, round river stones and mortar, which is more reminiscent of a log cabin foundation than that of a three-story building. These river rocks would have been easily gathered from the Red Cedar, reducing transportation and material costs for the contractors hired to build College Hall. Unfortunately, these rocks proved to be inadequate for the large building (Lewandowski and Brock 2010:9-10). The large spaces between the cobbles where mortar would have been shows how structurally unsound the foundation had become by the time the structure collapsed in 1918. <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/2728/4203476329_7c861fb99d_3k.jpg" alt= "A photograph showing the foundation of College Hall during the 2009 excavations. The river cobble construction of the wall is clearly visible." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">A photograph showing the foundation of College Hall during the 2009 excavations. The river cobble construction of the wall is clearly visible.</div> </div> We do not know how many other buildings were as poorly constructed as College Hall because CAP rarely encounters intact 19th century foundations on campus. Yet, considering how many early structures collapsed or [[burned down|Fires]], we suspect this may have been quite a common occurrence. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Moore Artifact] By the late 1800s it was a “Darn Hard Job” to [[maintain the earliest campus buildings->Poor Construction]] — at least according to the students who helped with this task. In May 1887, Alexander Moore and some of his fellow students signed their names under this phrase on a wall after assisting with building repairs on [[College Hall]]. The graffiti reads “Darn Hard Job” and then lists seven students who worked on the building during the week of May 13-20, 1887 (Brock 2009b; Isa 2019). <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/signatures-full-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C727" alt= "Historic photograph of College Hall basement. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Historic photograph of College Hall basement. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections.</div> Over 120 years later, CAP archaeologists found a piece of this graffiti during a CAP survey of Beal Street: a plaster fragment containing the letters “Moor.” It was found along with [[bricks]] that seemed to be from an unidentified building constructed in the 1800s (Brock 2009b). Incredibly, the CAP archaeologists were able to tie these letters to Moore’s signature based on a historical photograph of the graffiti from the MSU Archives! As you can see above, the first name on that list, Alexander Moore, matches the piece of graffitied plaster shown below. Not only is this an amazing find by itself, but it also confirms that the bricks and other artifacts from the Beal Street site actually came from College Hall (Brock 2009b)! <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/PlasterGraffitiMoor.gif?fit=1024%2C576" alt= "GIF of a plaster artifact from College Hall with graffiti that reads: Moore. The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">GIF of a plaster artifact from College Hall with graffiti that reads: "Moore." The full model can be viewed on <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Louise Campbell] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6603/A006291.jpg" alt= "Picture of Louise Campbell, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections" style="width: 55%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Louise Campbell, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Louise Campbell was a leader in the Home Economics Service and is credited for increasing enrollment for women farmers at the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] (MSU Archives 2011). She was also appointed to the Dean of Women position in 1923, where she worked to expand the program by bringing in more instructors and house mothers, as well as reorganizing the curriculum for students. In 1926, she started a Farm Women’s Week catered towards the women living in [[Morrill Hall]], as well as an annual Homemaker’s Conference. She also established a graduate and research department, which helped to revolutionize the program. <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6557/A004417.jpg" alt= "Picture of Campbell Hall, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Campbell Hall, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Maude Gilchrist] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6605/A003628.jpg" alt= "Picture of Maude Gilchrist, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Maude Gilchrist, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Maude Gilchrist was the Dean of Women in 1901, a position she held for 12 years. During her tenure, enrollment increased 125% partly due to her changes to the course curriculum and her promotions at women’s clubs, high schools, and other public state groups (MSU Archives 2011). She was highly educated, holding both a B.S. from Iowa State Teacher’s College and an M.A. from the University of Michigan. She served as Dean at the Illinois Women’s College prior to her position at the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]], which highlights her passion for teaching. In fact, she introduced a student teaching program for graduate students. <img src="https://liveon.msu.edu/sites/default/files/2018-06/Gilchrist.jpg" alt= "Picture of Maude Gilchrist Hall (Live On: Residence Education and Housing Services)." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Maude Gilchrist Hall (Live On: Residence Education and Housing Services).</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Linda Landon] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6601/A004289.jpg" alt="Picture of Linda Landon, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="width:35%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Linda Landon, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Linda Landon was the first female instructor at the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] where she taught English before transitioning to the position of the campus librarian, a position she held for 42 years from 1891-1932 (MSU Archives 2011). As the campus librarian, she helped advocate for a larger building space and increased the number of books housed in the [[library|Linton Hall]]. She was well known with the students who would frequent the library for their studies and because she would personally affix ribbons to diplomas given to graduates. <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4666/A001765_07.jpg" alt= "Picture of Landon Hall, dated to 1955. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Landon Hall, dated to 1955. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Sarah Williams] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6607/A006293.jpg" alt= "Picture of Sarah Williams, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 55%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Sarah Williams, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Sarah Williams was the wife of the first president of the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]], Joseph Williams. Originally from Toledo, Ohio, she lived in Michigan while her husband worked at MSU and aided him in efforts to fight oppressed humanity, for woman's suffrage, and for general reform (MSU Archives 2011). She even served food to students living in Saints’ Rest, the first campus dorm, when the hall staff resigned in 1858 after [[funds ran out|Lack of Funds]]. After her husband’s death, Sarah Williams returned to Ohio where she went on to found, and then continued to edit, the Ballot Box, the official publication of the women's suffrage movement. She also helped found the Toledo New Century Club and participated in the Toledo Women’s Suffrage Association and Toledo University of Arts and Trades as well. During the Civil War, she assisted the cause as a nurse on the battle fields. <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6592/A005714.jpg" alt= "East view of William Hall, dated to 1940. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">East view of Williams Hall, dated to 1940. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Elida Yakeley] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2268/A004545.jpg" alt= "Postcard of Elida Yakeley, dated to 1908. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Postcard of Elida Yakeley, dated to 1908. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Elida Yakeley was the first registrar for [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]], a position that she held for 30 years (MSU Archives 2011). Sources say that she was on a first-name basis every student at M.A.C., a testament to her intelligence and compassion, even as the school was quite a bit smaller then. In the early 19th century, only about 500 students were enrolled each year and only three programs were available: 1. Agriculture 2. Engineering 3. Home Economics (the women’s course). She is also credited for streamlining the enrollment process by registering students and inputting grades by machine, which helped M.A.C. for years following her retirement. Today, Yakeley Hall, her namesake dormitory, remains the only female-only residence on campus. <img src="https://liveon.msu.edu/sites/default/files/2018-06/Yakeley_0.jpg" alt= "Picture of Yakeley Hall (Live On: Residence Education and Housing Services)." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Yakeley Hall (Live On: Residence Education and Housing Services).</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Mary Mayo Hall References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beal Garden Archaeology] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/beal_in_botanical_gardens_1900_A000242.jpg?raw=true" alt="Beal in the Botanical Garden, dated between 1900-1909." style="max-width:95%;"> <div class="center">Beal in the Botanical Garden, dated between 1900-1909. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2713/A000242.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> In 1880, the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] finally approved [[Beal's|William Beal]] request to build a [[Botanical Laboratory]] next to the [[Botanical Garden|Beal Garden]]. The laboratory held state of the art equipment including compound microscopes. Unfortunately, the laboratory [[burned down->Fires]] just ten years later in 1890 due to an accidental fire in the attic that destroyed many of Beal's seed collections and the exhibits of a small museum he created on the first floor of the building. Some of the only things to survive the fire include the expensive microscopes Beal provided for each of his students. <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/beal_lab_1885_A000409.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Beal's Laboratory, dated to 1885. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:75%;"> <div class="center">Beal's Laboratory, dated to 1885. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2984/A000409.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> Today, thanks to his work in the Botanical Garden, Beal holds the world record for the longest continually monitored scientific study! In 1879 he buried twenty bottles of seeds mixed with sand at a secret location on campus. The goal of the vitality experiment was to dig up one bottle every five years to see how many seeds sprouted. The next bottle is due to be excavated in 2020 and the last bottle in 2100. <img src= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/A000487.jpg" alt= "A man unearths seeds in bottles, which were buried as part of an experiment." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Dr. Henry T. Darlington, director of the Botanical Garden, unearths seeds in bottles, which were buried as part of Beal's experiment on seed longevity. Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> In 2016, [[CAP|Campus Archaeology Program]] excavated in between West Circle Drive and the Beal Garden Gazebo in order to learn more about Beal's original laboratory (Bright 2018). Although the general location of the building was known, its exact location was uncertain. A commemorative cornerstone and a historical marker were placed in an approximate location long after the building burned down, and the rubble had been buried. CAP found the building's foundations and numerous [[artifacts|Instructional Artifacts]], which confirmed the presence of the lab at this location. Artifacts included building materials, window glass melted by the fire, glass used in scientific experiments such as pipettes, and charcoal likely associated with the 1890 fire. <img src="https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Beal-Lab-Unit-1-rotated.jpg?w=1875" alt= "Unit 2 of Beal Laboratory CAP excavations, dated to 2016 (CAP Report No. 64)." style="max-width:50%;"> <div class="center">Unit 2 of Beal Laboratory CAP excavations, dated to 2016 (Bright 2018).</div> To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[Beal Garden Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Beal Garden References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .left { margin: left; height: auto; width: 50%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .left { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beal Garden Apparitions] Screams are sometimes heard coming from the [[garden|Beal Garden]] in the middle of the night (Bicsak 2013). Those who have gone to investigate the screams report seeing shadowy figures in the distance that seem to vanish into thin air when they are approached. Those in the MSU [[Paranormal Society]] have actually communicated with the spirits that haunt Beal's Garden! When using a [[Spirit Box]], something was recorded saying “help” multiple times. Additionally, a growl was recorded, as well as an explicit word with an accompanying gust of wind... <img src="https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Beal-in-the-botanical-garden.jpg?resize=248%2C300" alt= "Beal in the Botanical Garden. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="width:85%;"> <div class="center">Beal in the Botanical Garden. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Students and faculty have also consistently reported seeing a male apparition wandering the gardens dressed in clothes from the 1920s (Bicsak 2013) - some say it is Professor [[Beal|William Beal]] coming back to check on his seed experiment! And it would be no surprise if Beal's ghost still lingers as some of the professor's most prized possessions, including his expansive botany collection, were lost in the fire that took his [[laboratory|Beal Garden Archaeology]] in 1890. This fire made such an impact on Beal that he barely mentions it in his written history of MSU.</div> <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/beals_lab_burned_1890_A000664a.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Beal's Laboratory after the fire, dated to 1890. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="width: 85%;"> <div class="center">Beal's Laboratory after the fire, dated to 1890. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3852/A000664a.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[Beal Garden Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Beal Garden References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .left { margin: left; height: auto; width: 50%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .left { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[William J. Beal] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4608/A001800_7.jpg" alt= "Beal, dated to 1886. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Beal, dated to 1886. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Before William J. Beal was appointed as the Professor of Botany, the subject was taught much differently, entirely through lecture and book learning. Beal aimed to change the field and distance himself from the stereotype of the “dried up old fossil” of a botany teacher who “wore odd looking clothes.” Without specimens for students to observe and handle, Beal felt that, “It [was] little wonder that botany found so little favor.” Beal believed a student should “earn his facts.” Influenced by his Harvard undergraduate advisors and drawing on the scientific processes employed by eminent scientists, Beal recommended prioritizing the study of objects before books and requiring the pupil learn by “thinking, investigating, and experimenting for himself.” In fact, in an effort to give his students hands-on experience, Beal argued for the creation of a [[Botanical Laboratory]] and requested funds to provide each student with a [[microscope|Instructional Artifacts]] for scientific study which was very expensive equipment at the time. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4428/A001583.jpg" alt= "One of Beal's botany classes using microscopes, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">One of Beal's botany classes using microscopes, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Beal Garden References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Infrastructure] <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/20140617_120031.jpg" alt= "Photograph of the bottom of the Cook Hall cistern. Both the metal drum and the brick lining are visible." style= "max-width:55%"> <div class="center"> Photograph of the bottom of the Cook Hall cistern. Both the metal drum and the brick lining are visible.</div> </div> The distribution of drinking, or potable, water is one of the most important infrastructural needs of any home or institution. From 1855 until around the 1890s, many buildings would have their own cistern, or a water-tight tub that collects rain or well water for long-term storage and use. CAP archaeologists found and documented a historic cistern on the south side of Cook Hall in 2014. Their archaeological and historical study indicates that cisterns at the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] would have been large, brick lined metal drums connected to a faucet in the basement. The first cisterns would have been open, allowing rainwater in, but also allowing in refuse and other garbage into the water supply. Eventually administrators at M.A.C. decided to add metal caps to the cisterns and to instead pump water in from wells in the area. The cistern infrastructure fell out of favor at M.A.C. in the 1900s due to the expense of adapting the system to fit the needs of the growing college. It cost $25,000 to alter the cistern in Station Terrace so it could provide water to the second floor (Harrison 2014)! By the 1890s a water pipe network would eventually connect all the buildings on campus to external water sources, but this network began much earlier. In the 1870s, some of the plumbing on campus used wooden water pipes to move water from wells and other sources to various buildings (Kuhn 1955:105, 188). [[Excavations in 2008 at Faculty Row|Mary Mayo Archaeology]] uncovered a segment of a “Wyckoff” wooden water pipe produced by Wyckoff Pipe and Creosoting Company. This pipe was likely manufactured at the Michigan Pipe Co. in Bay City, Michigan, one of the largest producers of wooden pipes in the entire country during the 19th century (Biggs 2019). <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/wyckoff-ad.png?resize=768%2C915" alt= “Wyckoff Wooden Water Pipe advertisement an 1896 edition of ‘The Michigan Engineers’ Manual.' Note that the advertisement describes the Wyckoff as the 'Cheapest and Best Water Pipe on The Market.'" style= “max-width:55%”> </div> <BR> <div class="center"> Wyckoff Wooden Water Pipe advertisement an 1896 edition of ‘The Michigan Engineers’ Manual.' Note that the advertisement describes the Wyckoff as the “Cheapest and Best Water Pipe on The Market.” <a href= “https://archive.org/stream/michiganengineer1896michuoft#page/n391/mode/2up” target=“_blank”> Original image</a>.</div> </div> During the 1870s until 1900 the Land Grant funding from the Morrill Act was used to firmly establish M.A.C., constructing new buildings quickly. Cheaper materials were favored to facilitate this growth. In addition to the lower initial costs of wooden pipes, especially compared to cast iron, the Michigan Pipe Co. claimed that the Wyckoff pipes were cheaper to maintain, resistant to freezing and frost damage, and maintained cleaner water. This claim may have been true, but the college decommissioned all the wooden pipes on campus by the first decade of the 20th century and replaced them with iron ones. This was prompted because it became clear that the wooden popes were no longer safe. In 1902, a medical doctor argued before the Boards of Trustees that the pipes allowed bacteria into the water during the warmer months, posing a danger unless the water was boiled first (Raslich 2016; Biggs 2019). This call was echoed in 1903 when the wooden water main collapsed during a [[fire|Fires]] at Station Terrace, hindering the efforts to put the fire out (MSU Archives 1903:122). It seems that benefits of wooden pipes did not outweigh the health and safety costs. The earliest buildings on campus, like [[Saints' Rest]], did not have plumbed toilets. Instead, most people living on the college grounds from the 1850s until the 1890s would use a chamber pot and outdoor toilets, or privies. Chamber pots allowed people living in Saints’ Rest to use the facilities without leaving the building or even their room which was of great convenience during the cold Michigan fall and spring months. Chamber pots were often stored under beds or in cabinets and then emptied into designated dumping areas (Biggs 2018). A [[white granite]] chamber pot was excavated from Saints’ Rest dormitory in 2005. Although it looks like it was produced in this cool blue color, that is a result of it burning in the fire! The chamber pot originally would have been all white. <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/chamberpot.jpg" alt= "Saints’ Rest chamber pot lid. A: exterior surface; B: interior surface. The exterior of the lid was decorated with a floral motif, possibly a thistle and leaf pattern. While the ceramic looks a dark blue color, this is an effect of the fire that destroyed Saints’ Rest. The chamber pot would have originally been white." style= “max-width:100%”> <div class="center"> Saints’ Rest chamber pot lid. A: exterior surface; B: interior surface. The exterior of the lid was decorated with a floral motif, possibly a thistle and leaf pattern. While the ceramic looks a dark blue color, this is an effect of the fire that destroyed Saints’ Rest. The chamber pot would have originally been white.</div> </div> <img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Chamber-Pot.gif?fit=1024%2C576" alt= “GIF of the chamber pot excavated from Saints’ Rest dormitory in 2005. The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan.” style=“max-width:80%”> <div class="center"> GIF of the chamber pot excavated from Saints’ Rest dormitory in 2005. The full model can be viewed on <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan. </div> </div> In addition to their use as toilets, privies were often places where people would dump trash. Additionally, the human waste from privies was collected and used as fertilizer for campus farms (MSU Archives:442). At CAP we are all for reusing and recycling but considering M.A.C.'s 1886 outbreak of typhoid fever, a disease which is linked directly to fecal contaminants, or poop, maybe this was not the best idea (Biggs 2018)! Although many privies would have been scattered across campus in those years, only one has been found and excavated by the Campus Archaeology Program. In 2015, CAP survey crews [[excavated a privy at the site of Saints’ Rest->Saints' Rest Archaeology]] and found the [[Mabel]] doll head, a Frozen Charlotte figurine, and inkwells and other [[instructional artifacts|Instructional Artifacts]], animal and plant remains, and [[alcohol bottles and smoking pipes->Illicit Activity]] (Myers Emery 2015). To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Artifacts of Education] One of the most unique things about being archaeologists at an institution like MSU is that we find many artifacts related to instructional activities and learning. These are rare finds for sites dating to the 1800s, even at known schoolhouses, because schools and students often had few material items to lose (Helton 2010:119-121). Unlike one-room schoolhouses, students attending MSU did not lack for specialized education materials with CAP finding a number of these over the years. The instructional artifacts we most commonly find are glass laboratory equipment such as the remains of beakers, pipettes, vials, and test tubes. CAP archaeologists have recovered microscope slides, a syringe stopper, and plenty of lab-related glass pieces, all of which are still used to give students [[hands-on training|MSU Laboratories]] in biology, chemistry, and other scientific fields. <img src="https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/FullSizeRender-11.jpg?resize=300%2C228" alt= "Schott & Gen Lab Glass Fragment, likely an 800-milliliter flask" style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center">Schott & Gen Lab Glass Fragment, likely an 800-milliliter flask.</div></div> CAP archaeologists have also found cultural material related to writing, including ink wells, a slate pencil, and lantern bases that would have been used every day by students, faculty, and staff. While inkwells could be ornate and were produced in a variety of materials, inkwells found in CAP excavations show that they tend to be plain utilitarian objects that reflect their use as objects of learning, rather than as item to display (Slon 2013). <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/inkwell1-e1374496929439.jpg?resize=1024%2C856" alt= "Colorless glass inkwell found on MSU’s campus, broken into base and finish, embossed with the words “Higgins Brooklyn NY” on base." style="max-width:80%"> <div class="center">Colorless glass bottle found on MSU’s campus, broken into base and finish, embossed with the words “Higgins Brooklyn NY” on base.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src="https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_1651.jpg?resize=300%2C197" alt= "Ink bottle/well found in the Saints’ Rest privy. Left: Cox’s Carmine Ink, Right: Cobalt Conical Inkwell." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center">Ink bottle/well found in the Saints’ Rest privy. Left: Cox’s Carmine Ink, Right: Cobalt Conical Inkwell.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Lanterns were an important aspect of daily life for students and faculty living on campus. Up until the 1890s, only the [[Chemistry Laboratory]], workshops, and the [[library|Linton Hall]] had electric lights (Kuhn 1955:190-191). Students who waited to the last minute to write their essays would have had to write by lamp or candlelight! CAP found over 773 fragments of glass lampshades for kerosene lamps in the West Circle Privy alone. These lamps were so common on campus and the [[dangers|Fires]] they presented were so well known that the 1868 M.A.C. guidelines stated that students could be expelled for “filling a lamp with kerosene when it is burning, or in the evening or night” (Michael 2016). The [[danger of oil lamps|Fires]] has been shown through the 2005 archaeological investigation of [[Saints' Rest]], the first dorm on campus. These excavations indicated that a lantern may have started the fire which led to the building's destruction in 1876. <img src="https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/historic_lantern_base1.gif?zoom=2&resize=442%2C256" alt= "GIF of a historic duplex lantern base found during the 2018 summer field season. The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan." style="width:70%"> <div class="center">GIF of a historic duplex lantern base found during the 2018 summer field season. The full model can be viewed on <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

For Box: <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid ##865283; padding: 5px; } </style> For Text: <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <h2>Center Align Elements</h2> <p>To horizontally center a block element (like div), use margin: auto;</p> <div class="center">Using margin:auto will not work in IE8, unless a !DOCTYPE is declared.</div>

Code to align all text to center: tw-passage { text-align: center; } Code to align single passages, remember to add a tag to your passage, this code as the tag of "middle" change yours to your desired word. Warning - this code only works with Story format Harlowe 2.0.1: tw-passage[tags~="middle"] { text-align: center; }

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Spirit Box] A Spirit Box is an AM/FM radio which quickly cycles through the channels, about five per second. This creates white noise and fragments of words that spirits can manipulate in order to communicate. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3914/A001049.jpg" alt= "Radio Broadcast at MSU, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Radio Broadcast at MSU, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Beal Garden References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[References] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3066/A000496.jpg" alt= "Linton Hall Library, dated between 1880-1889. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Linton Hall Library, dated between 1880-1889. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Choose any of the sites below to explore the references used to create this Virtual Tour! 1. [[Beaumont Tower References]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow References]] 3. [[Saints' Rest References]] 4. [[Fountain References]] 5. [[Morrill Hall References]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall References]] 7. [[Beal Garden References]] 8. [[MSU Museum References]] 9. [[Other References]] ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beaumont Tower References] ### [[Beaumont Tower Introduction|Beaumont Tower]] **Beaumont, John** 1928 &emsp; Letter from John Beaumont about the Beaumont Tower Cornerstone, October 20, 1928. Manuscript, UA 2.1.8 Frank S. Kedzie Papers, MSU Achieves and Historical Collections, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-2073/letter-from-john-beaumont-about-the-beaumont-tower-cornerstone-1928/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-2073/letter-from-john-beaumont-about-the-beaumont-tower-cornerstone-1928/</a>. <BR> **Kuhn, Madison** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: the first hundred years, 1855-1955// Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. ### [[Beaumont Archaeology]] **Akey, Ben and Jeff Burnett** 2020 &emsp; Beaumont West Survey: Archaeological Report, CAP Report No. 30. Manuscript, MSU Campus Archaeology, East Lansing, MI. <BR> **Lewandowski, David and Terry Brock** 2010 &emsp; College Hall Field Report, CAP Report No. 8. Manuscript, MSU Campus Archaeology, East Lansing, MI. ### [[Beaumont Apparitions]] **Bicsak, Sarah** 2013 &emsp; Exhibit - Legends and Myths Surrounding the MSU Campus. Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Sleepy Hollow References] ### [[Sleepy Hollow Introduction|Sleepy Hollow]] **Kuhn, Madison** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: the first hundred years, 1855-1955//. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. ### [[Sleepy Hollow Archaeology]] **Avdoulos, Eve** 2011 &emsp; "Looking into the Heart of MSU's Campus." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, December 8, 2011. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=1219" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=1219</a>. **Kooiman, Susan** 2016 &emsp; "Throw the Pipe Down the Pooper! Smoking and Subterfuge at MSU." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 4, 2016. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3979" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3979</a>. **Meyers Emery, Kate** 2013 &emsp; "Connecting Text to Artifacts." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, January 16, 2013. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=1868" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=1868</a>. **MSU Archives** 1855 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1855. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, MSU Archives & Historical Collections. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-229/meeting-minutes-1855//" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-229/meeting-minutes-1855/</a>. **MSU Archives** 1857 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1857. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, University Archives & Historical Collections. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-231/meeting-minutes-1857/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-231/meeting-minutes-1857/</a>. **Uyeunten, Ciera** 2013 &emsp; "Traditional Graduation Festivals." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, November 19, 2013. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2527" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2527</a>. ### [[Sleepy Hollow Apparitions]] **Historic Tours of America** 2020 &emsp; “5 Most Common Types of Ghosts and Spirits." //Ghosts and Gravestones, Historic Tours of America//. Accessed at: <a href="https://www.ghostsandgravestones.com/types-of-ghosts" target=“_blank” >https://www.ghostsandgravestones.com/types-of-ghosts</a>. **McKay, Gretchen** 2000 &emsp; For these ghost hunters, it's all in the ectoplasm. //Pittsburg Post-Gazette// February 22, 2000. Pittsburg, PA. Accessed at: <a href="https://old.post-gazette.com/magazine/20000222ghost2.asp" target=“_blank”>https://old.post-gazette.com/magazine/20000222ghost2.asp</a>. **Turner, Derrick L.** 2016 &emsp; Photograph. Michigan State University, c2016. From MSU 360 Perspective: //Voices and Viewpoints//. Accessed at: <a href="https://msutoday.msu.edu/360/2016/misty-morning/" target=“_blank”>https://msutoday.msu.edu/360/2016/misty-morning/</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>s

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Saints' Rest References] ### [[Saints' Rest Introduction|Saints' Rest]] **Kuhn, Madison** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: the first hundred years, 1855-1955//. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. ### [[Saints' Rest Archaeology]] **Brock, Terry** 2010 &emsp; “Saints’ Rest Field Report”, CAP Report No. 1, Manuscript, MSU Campus Archaeology, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1-Saints-Rest-Report-Final.pdf" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1-Saints-Rest-Report-Final.pdf</a>. **Meyers Emery, Kate** 2015 &emsp; "More Than Just Nightsoil: Preliminary Findings from MSU’s First Privy." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, November 12, 2015. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3852" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3852</a>. ### [[Saints' Rest Apparitions]] **Bicsak, Sarah** 2013 &emsp; Exhibit - Legends and Myths Surrounding the MSU Campus. MSU Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Library Fountain References] ### [[Fountain Introduction|Fountain]] **Beal, W. J.** 1915 &emsp; //History of the Michigan Agricultural College and Biographical Sketches of Trustees and Professors//. The Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t08w4278k&view=1up&seq=5" target=“_blank”>https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t08w4278k&view=1up&seq=5</a>. **Kuhn, Madison.** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: The First Hundred Years, 1855-1955//. The Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. **Williams, Laura** 2017 &emsp; Exhibit - Class Gifts at Michigan State University. MSU Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/162-567-13/class-gifts/#:~:text=The%20fountain%20proved%20to%20be,1900%20to%20its%20alma%20mater.&text=The%20Class%20of%201913%20lost,their%20time%20at%20Michigan%20State." target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/162-567-13/class-gifts/#:~:text=The%20fountain%20proved%20to%20be,1900%20to%20its%20alma%20mater.&text=The%20Class%20of%201913%20lost,their%20time%20at%20Michigan%20State</a>. ### [[Fountain Archaeology]] **Russell, Jennie** 2017 &emsp; "The Forgotten Class Stone." //Archives @ MSU//, July 17, 2017. Accessed at: <a href="https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2017/07/17/the-forgotten-class-stone/" target=“_blank”>https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2017/07/17/the-forgotten-class-stone/</a>. **University Scholarships & Fellowship Advancement** 2014 &emsp; Linton Hall: A History. University Scholarships & Fellowship Advancement, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="http://supportforstudents.msu.edu/articles/2015-linton-hall-a-history" target=“_blank”>http://supportforstudents.msu.edu/articles/2015-linton-hall-a-history</a>. ### [[Fountain Apparitions]] ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Morrill Hall References] ### [[Morrill Hall Introduction|Morrill Hall]] **Kuhn, Madison** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: the first hundred years, 1855-1955//. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. **Michael, Amy** 2014 &emsp; "Gendered Experiences on the Historic Campus: A Look Through the Memoirs of Irma Thompson." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 11, 2014. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2676" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2676</a>. ### [[Morrill Hall Archaeology]] **Department of History** 2020 &emsp; From Morrill Hall to Old Horticulture Building. Department of History, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://history.msu.edu/from-morrill-hall-to-old-horticulture-building/" target=“_blank”>https://history.msu.edu/from-morrill-hall-to-old-horticulture-building/</a>. **Kuhn, Madison** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: the first hundred years, 1855-1955//. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. **Scharra, Kaitlin** 2013 &emsp; "The Final Morrill Hall Survey." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, July 25, 2013. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2248" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2248</a>. ### [[Morrill Hall Apparitions]] **Bicsak, Sarah** 2013 &emsp; Exhibit - Legends and Myths Surrounding the MSU Campus. MSU Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beal Garden References] ### [[Beal Garden Introduction|Beal Garden]] **Beal, W. J.** 1915 &emsp; //History of the Michigan Agricultural College and Biographical Sketches of Trustees and Professors.// The Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t08w4278k&view=1up&seq=5" target=“_blank”>https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t08w4278k&view=1up&seq=5</a>. ### [[Beal Garden Archaeology]] **Bright, Lisa** 2018 &emsp; Beal’s Botanical Laboratory 20IN199: Archaeological Report, CAP Report No. 64. Manuscript, MSU Campus Archaeology, East Lansing, MI. **Research at MSU** 2020 &emsp MSU Research History: Longest Running Seed Germination Test? Research at MSU, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://research.msu.edu/msu-research-history-longest-running-seed-germination-test/" target=“_blank”>https://research.msu.edu/msu-research-history-longest-running-seed-germination-test/</a>. ### [[Beal Garden Apparitions]] **Bicsak, Sarah** 2013 &emsp; Exhibit - Legends and Myths Surrounding the MSU Campus. Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/</a>. ### [[Spirit Box]] **Villar, Ashley & Alex McCarthy** 2017 &emsp; "The Statistics of Spirit Boxes." //Medium//, Nov 4, 2017. Accessed at: <a href="https://medium.com/@astrovav/the-statistics-of-spirit-boxes-2cf021bf6c3" target=“_blank”>https://medium.com/@astrovav/the-statistics-of-spirit-boxes-2cf021bf6c3</a>. ### [[William Beal]] **Isa, Mari** 2016 &emsp; "Let's Make Botany Hip Again: Building Beal's Botanical Laboratory, Part 1." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, October 13, 2016. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4410" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4410</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[MSU Museum References] ### [[MSU Museum Introduction|MSU Museum]] **MSU Museum** 2020 &emsp; "About the Museum." Accessed at: <a href= "https://www.museum.msu.edu/about-the-museum/#:~:text=The%20MSU%20Museum%20is%20one,to%20receive% 20Smithsonian%20affiliate%20status" target=“_blank”>https://www.museum.msu.edu/about-the-museum/#:~:text=The%20MSU%20Museum%20is%20one,to%20receive% 20Smithsonian%20affiliate%20status</a>. **MSU Museum** 2020 &emsp; "MSU Museum: 150 Years of Discovery." Accessed at: <a href="https://www.museum.msu.edu/?exhibition=msu-museum-150-years-of-discovery" target=“_blank”>https://www.museum.msu.edu/?exhibition=msu-museum-150-years-of-discovery</a>. ### [[MSU Museum Archaeology]] **Kooiman, Susan** 2016 &emsp; Beaumont West Prehistoric Site Excavation: Archaeological Report, CAP Report No. 85. Manuscript, Michigan State University Campus Archaeology Program, East Lansing, MI. **MSU Campus Archaeology** 2007 &emsp; Cornerstone at Williams Hall. MSU Campus Archaeology, Item #66, <a href="http://campusunearthed.matrix.msu.edu/items/show/66" target=“_blank”>http://campusunearthed.matrix.msu.edu/items/show/66 </a>(accessed July 15, 2020). ### [[MSU Museum Apparitions]] **Bicsak, Sarah** 2013 &emsp; Exhibit - Legends and Myths Surrounding the MSU Campus. Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/</a>. ### [[Dirk Gringhuis]] **Lansing State Journal** 1974 &emsp; Dirk Gringhuis MSU Curator, Dies. //Lansing State Journal//, 01 Apr 1974:12. Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="" target=“_blank”> https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11190825/dirk-gringhuis-msu-curator-dies/</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Mary Mayo Hall References] ### [[Mary Mayo Introduction|Mary Mayo Hall]] **MSU Archives** 2011 &emsp; "Women of West Circle." //Archives @ MSU//, March 15, 2011 Accessed at: <a href="https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/the-women-of-west-circle/" target=“_blank”>https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/the-women-of-west-circle/</a>. ### [[Mary Mayo Archaeology]] **Bright, Lisa** 2018 &emsp; "Station Terrace 20IN223: Archaeological Report," Michigan State University Campus Archaeology Program, Report No. 62, Manuscript, East Lansing, MI. **Meyers Emery, Kate** 2013 &emsp; "Landon Hall Field Report," Michigan State University Campus Archaeology Program, Report No. 23, Manuscript, East Lansing, MI. ### [[Mary Mayo Apparitions]] **Bicsak, Sarah** 2013 &emsp; Exhibit - Legends and Myths Surrounding the MSU Campus. Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/1-6-13/campus-legends-and-myths/</a>. ### Biographies ##### [[Mary Mayo]], [[Louise Campbell]], [[Maude Gilchrist]], [[Linda Landon]], [[Sarah Williams]], [[Elida Yakeley]] **MSU Archives** 2011 &emsp; "Women of West Circle." //Archives @ MSU//, March 15, 2011 Accessed at: <a href="https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/the-women-of-west-circle/" target=“_blank”>https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/the-women-of-west-circle/</a>. **Russell, Jennie** 2016 &emsp; "Rumor Has It..." //Archives @ MSU//, October 19, 2016 Accessed at: <a href="https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/tag/mary-mayo/" target=“_blank”>https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/tag/mary-mayo/</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Lack of Funds] A lack of funds did not only impact infrastructure. In fact, in the summer of 1858 the school’s chef and all of his staff resigned because the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan|MSU Timeline]] could no longer pay them. [[Mrs. Sarah Langdon Williams->Sarah Williams]] arguably saved the future university when she personally worked to prepare and serve meals for the rest of the summer term (Kuhn 1955:33). To get around the fact that the school could not afford subscriptions to newspapers and agricultural journals, college President Joseph Williams solicited gifts from publishers, government officials, and federal agencies through his offer to “bind and preserve” whatever journals and papers were sent to the school (Kuhn 1955:33-35). This helped facilitate the humble beginning to a future library, which was also added to from the private collections of professors, accumulated during their previous occupations (Kuhn 1955:32). Staff and faculty often went unpaid for long stretches of time in the 1850s and 1860s and the Board of Trustees ignored all problems that were not life threatening. This lack of expenditure caused future damages and the general [[poor construction->Poor Construction]] of college [[infrastructure->Infrastructure]] and lowered the moral of students and faculty. Most damaging however was the Board’s decision to change the goal of the school to keep agricultural education within the reach of all students by charging no rent or fees. Starting in 1859 students owed $1.50 per month to attend the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan - a time when farm workers in the Midwest earned $13 a month on average (Kuhn 1955:54-55; US Census Bureau 1975:163). Even the existence of staple buildings such as the MSU Student Union was threatened by lack of funds. Planned in 1905, the construction of the Union was delayed by World War I and again in 1923, when 20 years of alumni donations had failed to raise the necessary funds. To combat this, those who supported the Union took a different approach: alumni secretary Robert J. McCarthy organized “Excavation Week” where male students and professors dug the basement of the new structure. Female students and others who did not dig, supported the efforts by serving food and playing music. These actions saved money and also helped raise donations, eventually saving the Union (Kuhn 1995:265; MSU Union:History). <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2701/A000230.jpg" alt= "The photograph shows students helping to dig the foundation for the Union Building in November 1923. The project was called "Excavation Week." Students helped when lack of funds threatened to shut down the Union building project. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">The photograph shows students helping to dig the foundation for the Union Building in November 1923. The project was called "Excavation Week." Students helped when lack of funds threatened to shut down the Union building project. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Collections.</div> </div> <BR> <div class="column"><img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3797/A000602.jpg" alt= "This image shows a band playing at the construction site of the Union Building. Text on the photograph reads: "The band at Union building M.A.C. Nov 1923." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">This image shows a band playing at the construction site of the Union Building. Text on the photograph reads: "The band at Union building M.A.C. Nov 1923." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Collections.</div> </div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[MSU Museum Archaeology] Long ago, a vastly different building stood in this spot: [[Williams Hall]], which was the second dormitory on campus. It was built in 1869 but [burned down|Fires]] in 1919 during the winter break. <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Williams_Hall_fire_1919_A000056.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Williams Hall on fire, dated to 1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Williams Hall on fire, dated to 1919. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6360/A000056.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> The current [[museum building|MSU Museum]] was finished in 1925. It houses and curates a number of scientific and cultural collections, including many of the university’s archaeological materials. Until 1994, the basement of the museum housed some of the archaeology offices and labs. <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Image%201%20Williams%20Hall%20Cornerstone.JPG?raw=true" alt= "Cornerstone of original Williams Hall." style="max-width: 90%;"> <div class="center">Cornerstone of original Williams Hall.</div> Although limited archaeology has been done in the immediate vicinity of the museum, the cornerstone of the original Williams Hall was uncovered during construction in 2007 (Cornerstone at Williams Hall). [[CAP|Campus Archaeology Program]] archaeologists were able to recover the artifact, which has been since displayed in locations such as the President's Office. To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[MSU Museum Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|MSU Museum References]]</div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[MSU Museum Apparitions] <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Williams_Hall_fire_1919_A001248.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Williams Hall fire, dated to 1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 70%;"> <div class="center">Williams Hall fire, dated to 1919. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4100/A001248.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> Over the years, archaeology graduate students working in the basement labs of the [[MSU Museum]] have reported hearing people walking around on the first and second floors, as well as strange noises coming from behind the exhibits. Other have seen spirits thought to be original campus students coming back to the site of the [[Williams Hall]] [[fire|Fires]] to look for their room and belongings (Bicsak 2013). One chilling story involves a janitor who once worked at the museum late at night during the 1980s. She reported seeing and speaking to a man she called “Mr. Dirk.” Upon further questioning of the janitor, the museum staff realized she was describing [[Dirk Gringhuis]], a former museum curator who died in 1974, before the janitor had moved Michigan. It seems Mr. Dirk loathed to part with his beloved museum collections. To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[MSU Museum Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|MSU Museum References]]</div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Williams Hall] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4094/A001237.jpg" alt= "Williams Hall, dated to 1905. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Williams Hall, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Williams Hall was built in 1870 as the second dormitory on the [[M.A.C.'s|MSU Timeline]] campus, after [[Saints' Rest]]. Williams Hall took over several functions originally housed in Saints' Rest including the kitchen, dining, and laundry facilities, a public parlor, and the steward’s room (Brock 2010). In historical records, Saints' Rest is often referred to as the "Dormitory" and Williams Hall as the "Boarding Hall." Unfortunately, during winter break in 1919, Williams Hall [[burned down|Fires]] and was never rebuilt. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4099/A001247.jpg" alt= "Williams Hall fire, dated to 1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Williams Hall fire, dated to 1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|MSU Museum References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Roads, Paths, and Landscape] Examining the landscape at MSU helps us understand how students, staff, faculty, families, visitors, and non-human animals in the past moved around that landscape. How different would campus feel if sheep and cows regularly traveled down Farm Lane or if cars were a rare commodity? <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4560/A001710.jpg" alt= "This photograph shows animals walking down a bridge on Farm Lane with farmhouses and fields in the background. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows animals walking down a bridge on Farm Lane with farmhouses and fields in the background. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div></div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3109/A000537.jpg" alt= "Cows graze their way across a road. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">Cows graze their way across a road. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> <BR> <BR> <BR> Before cars came to dominate the landscape, the main roads through campus passed between and among buildings, not around them. What we think of today as walking paths or sidewalks were the primary way people, bicycles, goods, and horse-drawn vehicles moved about M.A.C. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4468/A001623.jpg" alt= "This photograph shows a view of a campus road in 1907. On the bottom of the postcard there are hand drawings, one of a pair of feet walking made by the sender. The text on the front reads: "M.A.C." "'Tis a nice campus isn't it." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows a view of a campus road in 1907. On the bottom of the postcard there are hand drawings made by the sender. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-5782/A002824.jpg" alt= "The postcard depicts a parade float pulled by horses and driven by a man in a top hat. On the side of the float is written: 'Prof's Special' and the head of six men a sticking out through holes. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">The postcard depicts a parade float pulled by horses and driven by a man in a top hat. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br clear="all"> </div> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> CAP archaeologists often encounter archaeological evidence that gives insight into these past landscapes. The [[College Hall]] survey and the [[Beaumont West field schools|Beaumont Archaeology]] uncovered a cinder path that existed during the earliest days of the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan|MSU Timeline]] (Lewandowski and Brock 2010; Akey and Burnett 2020). Horseshoes were also recovered from the 2014 excavations in Munn Field, near the location of the old horse arena (Daggett 2014). <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/8209/8226210285_802536a418_4k.jpg" alt= "The dark soil is the base of the cinder path found during 2011 Beaumont West field school. Beaumont West - South, TP-1." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">The dark soil is the base of the cinder path found during 2011 Beaumont West field school. Beaumont West - South, TP-1.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Munn-Field-Horseshoe.jpg" alt= "One of the horseshoes found at Munn Field." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">One of the horseshoes found at Munn Field.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Historical documents also provide insight into how students saw their horse-dominated campus, their hope for the future of automobiles, and how the cars shifted the relationships between humans and horses. An article in the //M.A.C. Record// from 1900 noted hopes that horseless carriages would promise a future “free from the rumbling of heavy drays, and the clatter of the horses' hoofs which make modern urban life more or less miserable... Not only will the rumble of heavy trucks disappear, but the removal of the horse from the street will practically solve the problem of street cleaning. The repairing of roads will be reduced to a minimum” (Fuller 1900). It is amazing to think of a world where horses were considered too noisy and harmful to the road. It is also interesting that in this article “heavy trucks” referred to large teamster wagons – the same complaint remains today, but with a different vehicle! These wagons were seen as being so dangerous and unwelcome that in 1887 M.A.C. closed [[Faculty Row|Mary Mayo Archaeology]] to the public, transforming it into “a quiet lane rather than a public highway,” which allowed them to remove the fence constructed to “teamsters off the lawns” (Kuhn 1955:114). This was a good precaution, considering that the children of faculty would have played in and alongside the street. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2409/A008282.jpg" alt= "A group photo of twenty-three of the professors' children that lived on Faculty Row, dated 1892. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">A group photo of twenty-three of the professors' children that lived on Faculty Row, dated 1892. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> While early in the 20th century horses were associated with ideas of labor and military preparedness, by the 1930s this perception shifted to a more aristocratic view focusing on equestrian shows and competitions, a perception that persists today Daggett 2014). <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3781/A000649.jpg" alt= "A uniformed cavalry member competes in a horse show. Text on the photograph reads: 'Horse Show M.A.C. May 30, 1923. Photo by Harvey Photoshop. East Lansing, MI.' Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">A uniformed cavalry member competes in a horse show. Text on the photograph reads: "Horse Show M.A.C. May 30, 1923. Photo by Harvey Photoshop. East Lansing, MI." Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3789/A000595.jpg" alt= "A horse and rider in a top hat and riding coat jump over a fence in a paddock in front of spectators. The date is unknown. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">A horse and rider in a top hat and riding coat jump over a fence in a paddock in front of spectators. The date is unknown. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <br clear="all"> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Sleepy Hollow Archaeology] Archaeological work has revealed a number of important sites around [[Sleepy Hollow]]. This is the location of the earliest site found on campus. In 2010 [[CAP|Campus Archaeology Program]] archaeologists found evidence of a substantial fire pit, as well as some distinctive tools, that date to around 3000-500 BC (Kooiman 2016). This is the earliest intact Indigenous American site known on campus and continues a long tradition of research focusing on ancient Michigan by MSU archaeologists. The presence of this early site is likely due to the brook that once ran through this part of campus, which was redirected at the request of Professor W.J. Beal in the late 19th century. This is also an area where we have found refuse from the earliest campus occupation in the 19th century. A number of odd artifacts have been found including the heels of someone’s shoe and a cluster of human hair that appears to have been thrown out – maybe someone’s haircut? <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/fs11hair.png" alt= "Hair excavated from Sleepy Hollow. It’s plausible that this was the result of a trip to a barber since all the pieces had sharp edges, were roughly the same length, and were clumped together." style="max-width:75%"> <div class="center">Hair excavated from Sleepy Hollow. It’s plausible that this was the result of a trip to a barber since all the pieces had sharp edges, were roughly the same length, and were clumped together.</div> </div> When CAP began researching this hairy ‘artifact', we discovered a short advertisement in “The Eagle," the campus newsletter from the 19th century. The article dates to September 10, 1892, a date that roughly falls within the period we believe the hair came from. The article notes “Jackson the Lansing barber has a chair in room 75 Wells Hall, is at the college every Friday afternoon and evening to do work in his line." While we don’t know whether this specific barber led to this specific haircut, it does tell us that students were getting some basic amenities on campus rather than having to venture into East Lansing (Myers Emery 2013). In the early years of Michigan State, the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] made its own [[bricks]] out of clays gathered from Sleepy Hollow. The removal of clay for the construction of the earliest buildings on campus likely left the depression we now see at that spot. Possibly because of this depression, Sleepy Hollow became a common spot for students to gather and hold college rituals like the graduation cap burning bonfire, the annual barbeque, the Night-Shirt parade, and the Senior Swing (Avdoulos 2011; Uyeunten 2013). These events helped consecrate the Sacred Space for students during a time when M.A.C. was expanding beyond the confines of the original West Circle oval. <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Cap_Night_fire_A003676.jpg?raw=true" alt= "This photograph is of students sitting around a bonfire on Cap Night wearing beanies or caps and gowns. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">This photograph is of students sitting around a bonfire on Cap Night wearing beanies or caps and gowns. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6497/A003676.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> However, what is identified as Sleepy Hollow today may not have been the actual spot where clay was sourced, or at the very least, not the only spot. In his 1955 book on campus history, Kuhn (14,210) identifies the location of Sleepy Hollow on the opposite and west end of Adams Field from where Sleepy Hollow is located today. These are interesting mysteries that archaeological investigations may someday clear up. Discovering the location of the original brickyard may shed light as to where the clay was sourced since it is likely the two locations were near one another (MSU Archives 1855:5; 1857:18-19). To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[Sleepy Hollow Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <Style> .rotateimg270 { -webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Sleepy Hollow Apparitions ] <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Sleepy%20Hollow.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Picture of Sleepy Hollow in the 1930s (By Joel Seewald, July 19, 2017, from Sleepy Hollow Historical Marker)." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Picture of Sleepy Hollow in the 1930s (By Joel Seewald, July 19, 2017, from Sleepy Hollow Historical Marker).</div> While there are no documented sightings of ghosts or apparitions at this site, people often comment on a haunted feeling and spooky atmosphere. Due to its low spot in the landscape, Sleepy Hollow often retains fog more than other areas on campus. Furthermore, this section of campus is less occupied than others due to its location within the [[Sacred Space]]. While this could be a natural occurrence, there is some speculation that this area has been left open on purpose due to its spooky nature and potential for supernatural encounters. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4452/A001606.jpg" alt= "This photograph shows Morrill Hall behind mist and trees. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows Morrill Hall behind mist and trees. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Experienced paranormal investigators believe that fog helps reveal the presence of apparitions or is a phenomenon called ghostly mist, which is a formless specter haunting an area (McKay 2000; Historic Tours of America 2020). We would not be surprised if future spooky legends are born from this misty space! Adding to the haunted atmosphere of Sleepy Hollow its historical use as a gathering spot for campus rituals, some sanctioned like the senior cap burnings and annual BBQ, while others were far less tame... During one such ritual, the Night-Shirt Parade, seniors would dress up as devils and other ghoulish creatures, carry their books to Sleepy Hollow and burn them in a bonfire. Starting in 1906, freshmen would throw their beanies into the blaze (M.A.C. Record 1908:6). <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/7284/9404053084_04ce4151ce_5k.jpg" alt= "Oh the Devil! Poster from 1906, advertising the Night Shirt Parade at Michigan Agricultural College. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">Oh the Devil! Poster from 1906, advertising the Night-Shirt Parade at Michigan Agricultural College. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[Sleepy Hollow Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Beaumont Apparitions ] The campus green area by Beaumont Tower is known for specters of couples in Victorian dress holding hands and walking slowly by on foggy mornings. On very dark nights, there have been multiple sightings of a man in tails and a stovepipe hat wandering around the tower. <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Morrill_hall_clothes_A000629.jpg?raw=true" alt= "This photograph shows a clothing display on dress forms in Morrill Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows a clothing display on dress forms in Morrill Hall. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3825/A000629.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> One superstition tells that if a couple kiss under the tower while the bells are ringing, they will be together forever. And it must be true because a ghostly man and a woman dressed in 1920s clothing have been seen walking hand-in-hand, waiting to kiss under the tower when the bell tolls at midnight! Perhaps the haunted couple never had the opportunity and are still waiting to seal their fates (Bicsak 2013). <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/engagement_bench_A006496.jpg?raw=true" alt= "A couple sits on the Engagement Bench in front of the Rock, but you can only see the silhouette of the couple while the Rock is lite up behind them. Passage to the picture reads, "A long-honored tradition at MSC is that only engaged couples sit on Engagement Bench. Located north of Beaumont Tower, this gift of the class of 1873, is the setting for many youthful dreams of the future. Most engaged couples, slipping away from the crowds of fellow students, find Engagement Bench a pleasant place to plan their lives". Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Passage to the picture reads, "A long-honored tradition at MSC is that only engaged couples sit on Engagement Bench. Located north of Beaumont Tower, this gift of the class of 1873, is the setting for many youthful dreams of the future. Most engaged couples, slipping away from the crowds of fellow students, find Engagement Bench a pleasant place to plan their lives." <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-1666/A006496.jpg" target="_blank"> Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> Within the tower are special carillon bells that are played by experienced musicians throughout the day. However, there have been accounts of the bells playing music at night when we know the tower is unoccupied... <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4311/A001458.jpg" alt= "This photograph shows two rows of the bells in the belfry of Beaumont tower. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">This photograph shows two rows of the bells in the belfry of Beaumont tower. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4311/A001458.jpg" target="_blank"> Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ## [[Beaumont Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Saints' Rest Archaeology] In 2005, the [[Saints' Rest]] dormitory was excavated during an archaeological field school conducted by the MSU Department of Anthropology as part of the Sesquicentennial Celebration for the school. These extensive excavations uncovered several building walls and myriad artifacts, including hardware such as stoves, hinges and doorknobs. During the excavation, archaeologists determined that the fire likely started in the basement, where construction tools were found burned in place, suggesting that an [[unattended lamp->Instructional Artifacts]] or heater may have been to blame for the [[blaze->Fires]]. Perhaps most importantly, this project prompted the establishment of the [[Campus Archaeology Program]] (Brock 2010). <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Saints%20Rest-digging.jpg?raw=true" alt= "During the 2005 excavation, a row of wooden barrels was uncovered. Based on the residues within them and documentary evidence, archaeologist argue that these were used for mixing mortar and plaster for the maintenance of the building." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">During the 2005 excavation, a row of wooden barrels was uncovered. Based on the residues within them and documentary evidence, archaeologist argue that these were used for mixing mortar and plaster for the maintenance of the building.</div> </div> In 2015, a privy associated with the Saints’ Rest dormitory was discovered and excavated by CAP. Not only was this the bathroom for the students, but also served as a dumping ground for [[illicit items->Illicit Activity]]--such as smoking pipes and alcohol bottles--that students wished to hide forever. But the head of a [[porcelain doll->Mabel]], who came to be known as Mabel, was also discovered in the historic privy. How and why it got there is still a mystery (Myers Emery 2015). <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Photo-Jun-02-4-47-39-PM-e1433721829544.jpg" alt= "Bottom of Level 1, West Circle Privy, 2015." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Bottom of Level 1, West Circle Privy, 2015.</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Saints%20Rest_3_Creepy.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Mable, as the doll was found laying in hte dirt, in the West Circle Privy, 2015." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Mable, as the doll was found in the West Circle Privy, 2015.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/IMG_1639-e1452885802935.jpg" alt= "A Frozen Charlotte porcelain figurine, about four inches tall." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">A Frozen Charlotte porcelain figurine, about four inches tall. </div> <br> <br clear="all"></div> A Frozen Charlotte doll and [[Mabel]], both recovered from the West Circle privy, are some of the few artifacts CAP has found that may be associated with childhood. These Frozen Charlotte figurines were created in the 1850s as a child's bath toy. However, it quickly became associated with a cautionary tale told to Victorian-era children about the dangers of not properly bundling up in the winter. Children often are harder to recognize in the archaeological record, but that doesn’t mean they weren’t there. The early college was quite rural and isolated from neighboring towns so many faculty lived on campus with their spouses and children. To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[Saints' Rest Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Saints' Rest References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Saints' Rest Apparitions ] There have been numerous sightings of male students wearing 19th century clothing wandering around this space, possibly looking for the actual building, their dorm room, or their missing belongings (Bicsak 2013). Another figure wearing overalls and work boots has been spotted, suggesting that perhaps the spirit of a steward or student worker lingers nearby, attempting to put out the lamp that started the disastrous [[blaze->Fires]] and rectify his costly mistake. Or, just maybe, there was a fatality in the fire after all… When the MSU [[Paranormal Society]] investigated this area, the flashlight set on the ground near the Saints’ Rest sign flicked when asked if there were any spirits that wanted to communicate. <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/firemen_old_power_house_A001902.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Despite the strenuous job of coal feeding, students still managed to find time for fun. The back of this photograph reads "Danger Men Working" and shows the firemen, seen as a task fit for men only, in the Old Power House. Pictured Left to right: Thad, unknown, Libbey, Class of 1899. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections" style="max-width:95%;"> <div class="wide">Despite the strenuous job of coal feeding, students still managed to find time for fun. The back of this photograph reads "Danger Men Working" and shows the firemen, seen as a task fit for men only, in the Old Power House. Pictured Left to right: Thad, unknown, Libbey, Class of 1899. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3253/A001902.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/shoveling_coal_A001907.jpg?raw=true" alt= "As an early part of the college curriculum and to help pay for their board, students participated in manual labor. In this photograph a man, most likely a student feeds coal into the boilers at the "Old Engine House" in 1890. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:95%;"> <div class="wide">As an early part of the college curriculum and to help pay for their board, students participated in manual labor. In this photograph a man, most likely a student feeds coal into the boilers at the "Old Engine House" in 1890. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3256/A001907.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> Furthermore, ever since [[Mabel]] the Doll was brought back to the Campus Archaeology Lab, odd things have been happening. Objects have been found out of their place, and some people have described feeling uncomfortable in her presence. Her former owner may have thrown her into the privy for a particularly good reason... <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/2015_West%20Circle%20Privy_Mabel_5.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Photograph of Mabel, a porcelain doll's head, carefully reconstructed. The doll is decorated with painted black hair, blue eyes, and rouge on her cheeks. Three holes at the base of the porcelain bust would have been used to attach a cloth body to the doll. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:95%;"> <div class="center">Mabel post-reconstruction. A cloth body would have been attached to the porcelain via the three holes at the shoulder plate. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[Saints' Rest Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Saints' Rest References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .wide { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[A History of Fire] Fire has played a large role in MSU's history because it has taken down several of the iconic buildings that once stood on campus. Some of these include [[Williams Hall]], [[Saints' Rest]], the [[Botanical Laboratory]], the original Engineering Building (built in 1907), and the original Wells Hall. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4100/A001248.jpg" alt= "Williams Hall fire, dated to 1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Williams Hall fire, dated to 1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> In the first years after the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan opened its doors, it was fighting to stay afloat due to a lack of funds. This resulted in many buildings being constructed on tight budgets that used wood rather than more expensive but fire-proof materials such as bricks. While this helped cut costs, many buildings on campus fell prey to flames due to their wooden frames and structures. In fact, the first Botanical Laboratory only lasted ten years before it burnt down. <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2702/A000231.jpg" alt= "Wells Hall fire, dated to 1905. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Wells Hall fire, dated to 1905. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Of course, another consideration is the lack of electricity in the first few decades of campus. Without it, kerosene lamps were used almost everywhere on campus: in dorm rooms, classrooms, and laboratories. Smoking lamps were used in the hallways of Williams Hall, but students had to rely on the stars, moon, or even their memory if they ventured out too late at night (Kuhn 1955:105). General electricity was not available on campus until the turn of the 20th century, almost 50 years after the colleges' establishment. <img src= "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-JpCbZOfq9g/maxresdefault.jpg" alt= "Image from Manistee Historical Museum." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">Image from Manistee Historical Museum.</div> In fact, fires were not just a problem at MSU, but were rampant throughout the state of Michigan. During 1871, the year of the Great Chicago Fire, blazes raged across Michigan (Michael 2013). While scholars focus on the damage in the "Thumb" region of Michigan, many conflagrations were close enough to campus that students and faculty members often worked to help stop fires advancing in the night. The fires on the west coast of the state consumed Holland and Manistee in a matter of hours (Sodders 1997). To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Botanical Laboratory] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2039/A006972_75.jpg" alt= "Beal's Laboratory, dated to 1885. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 70%;"> <div class="center">Beal's Laboratory, dated to 1885. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> The Botanical Laboratory was the second laboratory built on the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] campus, after the [[Chemistry Laboratory]], and was the first of its kind in the United States (Forsyth 2020). The first floor of the laboratory contained a study and a combined laboratory/lecture hall, fitted with a teacher’s desk, a pump and sink, blackboards, tables, as well as a drawer and a microscope (costing $35-85 each) for each of the senior students in the class (CAP Blog 2016; Kuhn 1955:111). The upstairs portion of the laboratory featured office space and an extensive collection of plant specimens, including one of the largest collections of corn varieties (Kuhn 1955:111). The location of the laboratory was just north of the green house on a plot where an apiary once stood, chosen based its proximity to the [[Botanical Garden|Beal Garden]] that [[Beal|William Beal]] had started in 1877 (Kuhn 1955:111). <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-838/A004337.jpg" alt= "Beal and his students in the laboratory, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 70%;"> <div class="center">Beal and his students in the laboratory, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> After the Botanical Laboratory burnt down in the [[fire|Fires]] in 1890, a new laboratory was built to replace it in a different location on campus. Beal, potentially spooked by the first fire and destruction of his collection, wanted to build the new laboratory next to his house in [[Faculty Row|Mary Mayo Archaeology]], but was denied this request as that would have disturbed the [[Sacred Space]] on campus. Therefore, the new building was constructed farther east on campus as a part of [[Laboratory Row|MSU Laboratories]]. However, Beal claimed, “it was never large enough” (Beal 1915:172). <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2316/A000849.jpg" alt= "New Botany Laboratory (left), dated to 1910-1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 70%;"> <div class="center">New Botany Laboratory (left), dated to 1910-1919. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Beal Garden References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[MSU Historic Laboratories] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2017/A006972_55.jpg" alt= "Students posing in a laboratory classroom, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Students posing in a laboratory classroom, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Today, MSU is recognized for its R1 status, but research has played a huge role since MSU was established in 1855. In fact, MSU was created specifically as an institution where students could take a science-focused curriculum. Recent scientific discoveries, such as chemicals essential to plant life, demonstrated the benefit of science to agricultural studies (Kuhn 1955:8). While other colleges offered science courses, they were few and far between. Moreover, these courses were taught primarily from lecture and textbook instruction, rather than through the hands-on application that is necessary for agricultural work. Thus, it is no surprise that laboratories were some of the first educational buildings added to campus once [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] acquired funding to expand beyond [[College Hall]]. The [[Chemistry Laboratory]] (completed in 1871), was the first of these spaces to be built, followed by a [[Botanical Laboratory]] and a Mechanical Building. These helped to change the way that students interacted with plants species as well as helped to expand M.A.C.’s curriculum outside of agriculture, leading to the creation of its Department of Engineering. In fact, these first three laboratory buildings made such an impact that M.A.C. recognized the need to provide laboratory spaces for other departments in the college. This led to the creation of Laboratory Row which consisted of seven laboratory buildings built along West Circle Drive over a 24-year period. In fact, six of the original buildings are still in use on campus today, though not for their original intended purposes. The seven laboratories were built in the following order: **Veterinary** (1885), **Horticultural** (1888), **Agriculture** (1889 - later Entomology), **Botany** (1892), **Dairy** (1901 - later Forestry), **Bacteriology** (1902), and **Agriculture** (1909). <img src="http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/MSU_Laboratory_Row_1912_sepia.jpg" alt= "Laboratory Row, dated to 1912. From left: Horticulture, Bacteriology, Botany, Dairy, Entomology, and Agriculture (Veterinary is out of view to the right). Image courtesy of the Library of Congress." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Laboratory Row, dated to 1912. From left: Horticulture, Bacteriology, Botany, Dairy, Entomology, and Agriculture (Veterinary is out of view to the right). Image courtesy of the Library of Congress.</div> In addition to more "typical" laboratories, MSU also had [[Domestic Science Laboratories|Domestic Science Laboratory]] for the women's course of study, the first of its kind in the state of Michigan. While often recognized as a separate entity to the other laboratory buildings on campus, these laboratories also played an essential role in research efforts on the part of M.A.C. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Dirk Gringhuis] A newspaper clipping featuring the obituary of Dirk Gringhuis celebrates his life as both an author and artist - before he ever became the curator of the [[MSU Museum]]! He clearly was a beloved faculty member and Michigan native. Read more about his life below: <img src= "https://img.newspapers.com/img/img?institutionId=0&user=0&id=208541268&width=557&height=1272&crop=1221_166_1081_2514&rotation=0&brightness=0&contrast=0&invert=0&ts=1591988886&h=0ce3e69cf6cdf3f619ff0c0837380666" alt= "Image of Dirk Gringhuis obituary (Lansing State Journal 1974)." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Clip of Dirk Gringhuis obituary (Lansing State Journal 1974).</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|MSU Museum References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Chemistry Laboratory] In the early years at [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]], all instruction was limited to [[College Hall]]. This included the first chemistry laboratory, which was located on the first floor of the building. <img src="https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/College-hall-blueprints_first-floor-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1453" alt= "Blueprint of the first Floor of College Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">Blueprint of the first Floor of College Hall. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> While M.A.C. officials furnished the laboratory with $300 worth of chemicals and $2300 worth of equipment for hands-on instruction, poor ventilation in the laboratory caused dangerous fumes to waft into other offices and classrooms (Kuhn 1955:84). It is clear that instruction in chemistry was crucial to M.A.C.’s standing at the time, but a larger and more functional space was clearly needed. In 1869 the State Legislature granted M.A.C. $10,000, which college officials used to establish the first separate laboratory building on campus, which opened in 1871 (Beal 1915:268). The Chemistry Laboratory, known then as the “Chemical Fort,” was located southwest of College Hall, right where the fountain in front of the main campus library stands today. <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4365/A001522.jpg" alt= "Chemical Laboratory, dated to 1896. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Chemical Laboratory, dated to 1896. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To combat some of the problems of the previous laboratory space in College Hall, worktables were placed at windows rather than between them and hoods were put along the walls with ventilation pipes that led up to a chimney, which stood in contrast to its rather boxy structure. This ventilation system was the first of its kind in the United States. <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3987/A001121.jpg" alt= "Interior of Chemical Laboratory, dated to 1892. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Interior of Chemical Laboratory, dated to 1892. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2720/A000248.jpg" alt= "Photograph of the fountain in front of the old Chemistry Building, dated to 1900-1909. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 85%;"> <div class="center">Photograph of the fountain in front of the old Chemistry Building, dated to 1900-1909. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Fountain Archaeology] The 1900 [[Fountain]] is often an overlooked artifact of the past, hidden between the bushes and trees of this area (Russell 2017). It is a unique feature, not only due to its age and that it has two sides - one for humans and one for horses - but because it marks the spot where an old [[road|Roads, Paths, and Landscape]] used to go through campus. <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/road_to_college_hall_A001552.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Old road leading up to College Hall, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">Old road leading up to College Hall, undated photograph. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4396/A001552.jpg="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> Before cars and campus expansion, the roadway for this central area was along the inner side of the buildings, not along the outer side as it is today. As travelers made their way through campus, they would stop here for a quick refreshment. The road was placed between [[Linton Hall]] and [[Williams Hall]] (the building originally located on the plot of the current [[MSU Museum]]). <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/fountain%20map.jpg?raw=true" alt= "1899 MSU Campus Map including original road between Williams Hall (32) and College Hall (22). Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">1899 MSU Campus Map including original road between Williams Hall and Linton Hall (indicated by red circle, added by CAP). Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[Fountain Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Fountain References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Fountain Apparitions] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/drinking_from_fountain_A001724.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Man drinking from 1900 Class Fountain, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 90%;"> <div class="center">Man drinking from 1900 Class Fountain, undated photograph. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4575/A001724.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> There have been sightings of people dressed in 19th century clothing wandering along the pathway of the old road. They walk along this path, and then go behind the fountain for a drink - those who have tried to follow them say that the ghosts vanish behind the fountain... <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Landon_in_Linton_Hall_A001110.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Miss Landon in Linton Hall, undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">Miss Landon in Linton Hall, undated photograph. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3977/A001110.jpg" target"_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> While [[Linton Hall]] doesn’t have reported sightings of ghostly people, there are rumors that books seem to reorganize themselves in the offices - as if a librarian has come in at night and placed them in proper order. Jumbled paperwork has been shuffled and reorganized as well. At least whatever spirit is there is being helpful! To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[Fountain Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Fountain References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Linton Hall] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2617/A001000.jpg" alt= "Museum and Library (Linton Hall), undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">Museum and Library (Linton Hall), undated photograph. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Linton Hall still exists on campus today and stands as the oldest academic building on MSU's campus, even though [[Cowles House]] is technically the oldest structure (University Scholarships & Fellowships Advancement 2014). Constructed in 1881 at a cost of $22,000 (around $550,000 in 2020), Linton Hall was designed in a T-shaped Victorian Romanesque style. In 1947, a gothic style addition changed the shape of the building to a capital "I." A [[lack of funds|Lack of Funds]] contributed to the library’s beginnings on the third floor of [[College Hall]] until Linton Hall was built in order to provide the campus with a library-museum space, where all books and collections could be centralized. This provided space for the total collection of 1,200 volumes and newspapers that were held on campus at the time. The second floor of Linton Hall was used to house the general museum, consisting of many natural history collections. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-5435/A002338.jpg" alt= "Interior of Linton Hall featuring the library, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%"> <div class="left">Interior of Linton Hall featuring the library, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"> <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-1965/A006972_06.jpg" alt= "Interior view of museum in Linton Hall, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="right">Interior view of museum in Linton Hall, dated to 1888. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Over time, Linton Hall has been home to numerous departments and collections. In fact, when it was first built, President Abbot decided to move the President's office to Linton Hall from College Hall (University Scholarships & Fellowships Advancement 2014). However, the library collection began to grow larger than space in Linton Hall would allow, leading to the construction of the current [[MSU Museum]] building in 1927. Since the library and museum collections left Linton Hall, it functioned as the campus Administration Building before transitioning to house numerous departments, including Biology and Medicine and Psychiatry. Linton Hall is still in use on campus today. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Fountain References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .left { margin: left; height: auto; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .left { text-align: center; } </style> <style> .right { margin: left; height: auto; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .right { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Mabel] Mabel, the porcelain doll head found during excavations of the historic West Circle Privy associated with [[Saints' Rest]], came to CAP in pieces, but was carefully cleaned up and reconstructed by CAP fellows. The doll dates to the 1860s and was likely used by someone on living on campus during the first decades of MSU’s history (Meyers Emery 2015). <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/all-parts.jpg?w=2448" alt= "Mabel in pieces." style="max-width:80%"> <div class="center"> Mabel in pieces. </div> </div> <div class="column"><img src="https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_1674.jpg?resize=266%2C300" alt= "Mabel Post-Reconstruction." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center"> Mabel Post-Reconstruction. </div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Mabel’s head, hands, and feet would have been made of [[porcelain]], a hard, fine-grained, nonporous, translucent ceramic ware, while its chest, arms, and legs would have been made from cloth. The cloth body would have been attached to the head through the six holes at the base of the shoulder plate. Dolls of all kinds became more available to middle-class Americans following the American Civil War and cloth and porcelain dolls were some of the most popular type of dolls. In the 1800s, the //purpose// of playing with dolls changed from training in tasks, like sewing, towards a form of gender socialization and capitalist training through play (Forman-Brunell 1993:9-14; 24-28). <img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/il_570xN.867208992_2s7k.jpg" alt= "Complete doll from 1860s – Mabel would have been similar." style="max-width:55%";> <div class="center"> Complete doll from 1860s – Mabel would have looked similar. <a href= "https://img0.etsystatic.com/117/0/7068780/il_570xN.867208992_2s7k.jpg" target=“_blank”> Image Source</a>. </div> </div> The Mabel figurine sports a hairstyle known as a “flat-top,” which became popular around 1865. We can reasonably assume that the doll originated during this period and so Lisa Bright, one of our previous Campus Archaeologists, named the doll Mabel - a popular name from the 1860s. Dolls lack maker’s marks, so archaeologists, historians, and collectors typically date them through their hair styles. Considering how drastically hair styles change in popularity over time, even between decades, this line of evidence makes studying objects such as Mabel much easier. It is also likely that this doll was imported from Germany, which led the production of porcelain dolls between 1840 and 1940 (Bright 2016). So that’s the short story of Mabel the doll based what we know. What we cannot answer is how and why it ended up in the trash at the bottom of a privy. Whether it was damaged, lost, or whomever it belonged to felt they outgrew Mable, we cannot be certain. Regardless, CAP is happy to have found Mabel and to give the doll a second life at Michigan State, where it has now been for over 150 years. <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1860s_porcelain_doll_head.gif?w=1200" alt= "GIF of a porcelain doll head recovered from the West Circle privy, associated with Saints’ Rest. The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Ben Hartwig of Delscan using the Artec Space Spider, a structured light scanner." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">GIF of a porcelain doll head recovered from the West Circle privy, associated with Saints’ Rest. The full model can be viewed on <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Ben Hartwig of Delscan using the Artec Space Spider, a structured light scanner.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

### (css: "color: #fffea8;")[MSU Paranormal Society] <img src= "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/main/msups%20updated%20logo.webp" alt= "MSU Paranormal Society Logo" style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center"> MSU Paranormal Society Logo <a href="https://twitter.com/msuparanormal/status/1118886555169579008">@msuparanormal</a> </div> </div> “With a passion for discovering the unknown and the paranormal, we operate out of Michigan State University. As with many investigative groups out there, we collect evidence using special equipment to both prove and disprove paranormal occurrences. Our group is home to those who are interested in learning about, researching, and exploring the paranormal and supernatural world.” The MSU Paranormal Society was founded in 2010 and partnered with CAP to present the Apparitions and Archaeology Haunted Tour since it began in 2013. **2020 - 2021 E-board** Co-presidents: Emily Springer and Brenna Shear Lead investigator: Sabine Duvall Social media chairman: Kat Farmer Membership chairman: Daniel Isabella Treasury: Katie Burkhardt <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CAP_Halloween2.jpg" alt= "MSU Campus Archaeology Logo, Haunted Tour edition: Decaying hand holding a trowel." style="max-width:60%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Archaeology Logo, Haunted Tour edition.</div> </div> <div class="column"> <img src="https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/427641_10150714603144919_2008082571_n.jpg?resize=300%2C257" alt= "MSU Paranormal Society logo: Green, spectral Spartan logo." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center">MSU Paranormal Society logo.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Webpage: <a href="https://msuparanormal.wixsite.com/msu-paranormal?fbclid=IwAR26gEgkGE-EuRGI9lh3-bRIFH9JQq3J-sKgJ3a4tMOiYLgTzclU4wwu1ks" target=“_blank”>MSUParanormal</a> &emsp; &emsp; Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/msuparanormal" target=“_blank”>@msuparanormal</a> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 2px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Morrill Hall Archaeology] [[Morrill Hall]] was designed to sleep 120 women and a handful of faculty, including the dean, the head of the Home Economic department, her assistants and the physical education instructor. Other rooms included the [[Domestic Science Laboratory]], dining rooms, a large recitation room, parlors, music rooms, bathrooms, and even a two-story gymnasium. The building wasn’t symmetrical - the original plan was to make both sides exactly the same, but because of a [[lack of resources|Lack of Funds]], the north wing was never built (Kuhn 1955:221-223). Morrill Hall was constructed of mostly red sandstone, and the dorm stood in front of an [[artificial pond->Roads, Paths, and Landscape]] (Kuhn 1955:252; Castanier 2013) <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/women_students_morril_hall_A000299.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Female students walk near Morrill Hall next to the Lagoon, circa 1900. At that time, Morrill Hall was known as the Women's Building." style="width:90%;"> <div class="center">Female students walk near Morrill Hall next to the Lagoon, circa 1900. At that time, Morrill Hall was known as the Women's Building.<a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2762/A000299.jpg" target"_blank">Image Courtesy of the MSU Archives and Historical Collections. </a> </div> </div> In the late 1930s, the women moved out of the Women’s Building and into the new women’s dormitory, [[Williams Hall]], and the name of the Women’s Building was changed to Morrill Hall. Since then, the building was used for a number of different department offices and classrooms, most recently that of the English, History, and Religious Studies departments. In 2010, the Board of Trustees decided that the internal wooden structure of Morrill Hall had incurred irreparable deterioration and was at the end of its useful life. The building was demolished in 2013, and in 2014 Morrill Plaza was built to commemorate the building (Department of History 2020). <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/2013-06-13-14.15.26.jpg?resize=1024%2C764" alt= "Final days of Morrill Hall, via Katy Meyers." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Final days of Morrill Hall, via Katy Meyers, 2013.</div> </div> Archaeological survey was undertaken in this area prior to reconstruction, but no artifacts were recovered. Unlike [[Saints' Rest]] or [[College Hall]], which retain some of their features underground, Morrill Hall was completely demolished, and the basements were removed. All that is left is some of the original stone used for benches in the newly constructed Morrill Plaza, and the original layout of the building, which has been marked with the concrete sidewalks below us (Scharra 2013). <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Screen-shot-2013-07-25-at-10.07.21-AM.png" alt= "Surveying at Morrill Hall, via Katie Scharra." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Surveying at Morrill Hall, via Katie Scharra.</div> </div> To find out more about the apparitions at this site, click the link below! ##[[Morrill Hall Apparitions]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Morrill Hall Apparitions ] Morrill Hall has had a long history of being haunted as it changed from a women’s dormitory to an educational building. While the hall was still present, there were accounts of ghostly professors wandering the hallway, looking for their classrooms. Even with the building no longer here, you can sometimes catch glimpses of professors wandering down the layout of the memorial sidewalk, still looking for their classrooms (Bicsak 2013). <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Untitled.png" alt= "Morrill Hall in 1900. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">Morrill Hall in 1900. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> On numerous occasions there were also issues with bats getting into the building and creating homes for themselves. While this is not exactly a haunting, it did not improve the overall feeling of the building and definitely helped create a spooky atmosphere. Furthermore, as demolition of the building began, there was a mysterious fire that started in the roof, temporarily pausing the demolition process. <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/morrill_hall_on_fire_2013.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Photo of Morrill Hall fire on Wed, May 16, 2013. Smoke can be seen billowing out of the roof as firefighters work to control the blaze." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">Photo of Morrill Hall fire on Wed, May 16, 2013.</div> </div> <img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/photo-34.jpg" alt= "Photo of Morrill Hall fire on Wed, May 16, 2013. A fire truck and hose can be seen, no smoke or fire is visible, photo by Bethany Slon." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Morrill Hall on fire, Fire department attempts to stop it, photo by Bethany Slon.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology at this site, click the link below! ##[[Morrill Hall Archaeology]] To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Beaumont Tower References]]</div> </div> #### Haunted Tour Stops 1. [[Beaumont Tower]] 2. [[Sleepy Hollow]] 3. [[Saints' Rest]] 4. [[Fountain]] 5. [[Morrill Hall]] 6. [[Mary Mayo Hall]] 7. [[Beal Garden]] 8. [[MSU Museum]] <img src="https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/google%20map%20of%20tour.jpg?raw=true" alt="MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above)." style="max-width: 80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Map of West Circle with Haunted Tour Stops indicated by their reference number (provided above).</div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Identifying Gendered Space in MSU’s Past] <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3067/A000497.jpg" alt= "A female student, Clare Dean, reads in her Abbot Hall dorm room. Image courtesy MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">A female student, Clare Dean, reads in her Abbot Hall dorm room. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> Using archaeological remains and historical records CAP fellows Amy Michael and Josh Burbank explored the potential for gendered landscape within MSU's past. They defined a gendered landscape as a landscape that has discrete areas where accessibility is restricted by sex and/or gender. One of their goals was to see if it were possible to predict which spaces on campus were used and maintained specifically by women using archaeological material recovered during CAP excavations. Just like today, no objects in the past were exclusively used by a single gender which means that the artifacts themselves cannot be definitively linked to a specific sex/gender. However, our CAP fellows hoped that by studying student life and object use of past MSU students, they could begin to understand what artifacts might tell us about gender and the campus landscape. Unfortunately, their investigation showed that archaeologically identifying gendered areas at MSU would be extremely difficult since artifacts that may be found in a gendered space are likely to be present in ambiguously spaces as well (Burbank 2015). Archaeologists call places where artifacts have been discarded away from their place of use, secondary refuse contexts (Wilson 1994). For example, a porcelain doll, [[Mabel]], was found in a privy associated with [[Saints' Rest]], an all-male dormitory. Furthermore, while CAP found makeup containers (below) on campus, they were recovered from what used to be the East Lasing city dump. <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/makeupbottles.jpg" alt= "Five makeup containers found at Brody Complex, which served as the East Lansing dump from the 1920s to the 1950s." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Five makeup containers found at Brody Complex, which served as the East Lansing dump from the 1920s to the 1950s.</div> </div> Makeup bottles are a good example of the difficulty of using artifacts to identify the presence of women. In the early and mid-20th century, cosmetics like Pond’s cold cream, despite being marketed to women and carrying specific ideas of female gender performance and beauty, were regularly, though not openly, used by men (Fitz-Gerald 2015). Since these objects were found away from the places they may have been used, it becomes more difficult to identify who would have been using them. After coming to this conclusion, the CAP Fellows instead used archival evidence to identify [[Morrill Hall]] as one gendered space on the landscape. Morrill Hall not only functioned as the women’s dormitory but was where female students in the late 19th and early 20th century would have had classes, meals, and physical education, and where they spent most of their social and leisure time. Other gendered spaces identified in historical records include Abbot Hall from 1896 to 1900, the World War II Victory Garden, and green spaces along the Red Cedar River. Although artifact evidence from these areas is largely lacking, by continuing to identify gendered spaces on campus, CAP archaeologists can use artifacts from a variety of places to gain an understating of the how gendered people experienced MSU throughout its history. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/victory-garden.jpg" alt= "Women pose at the WWII Victory Garden, circa 1940s. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Women pose at the WWII Victory Garden, circa 1940s. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-6155/A003546_24a.jpg" alt= "This photograph is in a scrapbook of pictures taken by international student Onn Mann Liang while he was at MSU between 1924 and 1926. In this image five young unidentified women sit on some rocks. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">This photograph is in a scrapbook of pictures taken by international student Onn Mann Liang while he was at MSU between 1924 and 1926. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br> <br clear="all"></div> In addition to locating these spaces, Michael and Burbank also wondered how the creation of female spaces in the early 20th century, in areas previously reserved for male students, affected the lives of and the interactions among students on campus. What were the reactions to these changing landscapes? While artifacts have been sparse for this project, CAP archaeologists have still been able to find written resources in the MSU Archives and Historical Collections. Experience the gendered landscape through the eyes and drawings of [[Irma Thompson]], one of the first students in the women's program! To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Domestic Science Laboratory] <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2958/A000383.jpg" alt= "Domestic Science Laboratory, dated to 1914. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 65%;"> <div class="center">Domestic Science Laboratory, dated to 1914. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> After the Michigan Agricultural College [[(M.A.C.)|MSU Timeline]] began to establish itself as a credible four-year institution, families increasingly sought the same opportunities for their daughters. In fact, [[Mary Mayo]] is often credited for starting the women’s college, as she wanted her daughter to attend M.A.C., but felt that the program was not suited for the domestic realm. Although women could be admitted to M.A.C. starting in 1870, they had to learn the same scientific agricultural curriculum as the men. Mary Mayo obviously felt a separate curriculum was necessary for women as she is quoted saying: “What is woman’s work? By a wise and supreme law a majority of young women are destined to become wives and mothers; to establish and keep the home, care for it, live for it, and for this most important work they should be carefully, thoroughly, competently trained” (Castanier 2013). <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-86/A003891.jpg" alt= "This picture shows four women from the Girls' Canning Club, circa 1925. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">This picture shows four women from the Girls' Canning Club, circa 1925. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Therefore, with the help of Mary Mayo and the Michigan State Grange (an agriculturally focused fraternal organization), the women’s program was officially established in 1896, making M.A.C. the first college to offer courses in domestic science and domestic art (Kuhn 1955:219-222). This focus on the domestic sphere aimed to properly prepare women for a career as a farmer's wife and to avoid "many of the social and poor problems" that Mary Mayo felt plagued women of the 1880s (Field 2012). Therefore, women that joined learned skills such as cooking, sewing, and physical education. However, this focus on the domestic sphere did not mean that women had an easier time than the men. In fact, their curriculum still included a heavy science background including bacteriology, chemistry, physics, medicine, and dietetics. This ensured that students learned not only how to properly cook and sew, but also made certain that they understand the science behind the practices, such as the basics of nutrition, principles of boiling, and how sewing could be affected by different functions and durability of fabrics (Kuhn 1955:219-222; Field 2012). Students even learned woodworking, how to furnish buildings, heating, lighting, plumbing, and household bacteriology (Field 2012). A degree from the Women's Program was no small feat! <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2961/A000386.jpg" alt= "Woodworking class, dated to 1912. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Woodworking class, dated to 1912. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> The program was so successful that [[Morrill Hall]] (then known as the Women's Building) had to be constructed in 1900 to accommodate the steady increase in enrollment and to provide appropriate laboratory space. While never seen as an official [[laboratory|MSU Laboratories]] on campus, Morrill Hall clearly provided women with a state-of-the-art space for domestic science learning. In fact, the program eventually drew as many women to M.A.C. as there were men in the agricultural science program. This was likely due to the nature of the program, as graduates found that they were prepared for a range of careers including hospital dietitians, high school teachers of home economics, flour mill chemists, tearoom managers, milliners, florists, and laboratory bacteriologists (Field 2012). The domestic science laboratory clearly empowered students in the women’s program, just as Mary Mayo originally hoped! <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2757/A000295.jpg" alt= "Domestic Science Laboratory, dated to 1908. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">Domestic Science Laboratory, dated to 1908. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ## <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Other References] **Barker, David and Teresita Majewski** 2006 &emsp; Ceramic studies in historical archaeology. In //The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology// Dan Hicks & Mary C. Beaudry editors, pp. 205-232. Cambridge University Press. **Beal, W. J.** 1915 &emsp; //History of the Michigan Agricultural College and Biographical Sketches of Trustees and Professors//. The Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t08w4278k&view=1up&seq=5" target=“_blank”>https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t08w4278k&view=1up&seq=5</a>. **Biggs, Jack** 2017 &emsp; “Blind Pigs, Jazz and Bolshevism: The Spirit(s) of Revolt at Michigan State.” //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, October 19, 2017. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5572" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5572</a>. **Biggs, Jack** 2018 &emsp; “Precursor to the Porcelain Throne: The Camber Pot Lid from Saints’ Rest.” //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, May 1, 2018. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=6067" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=6067</a>. **Biggs, Jack** 2019 &emsp; “Just a Pipe Dream: The Use of Wooden Water Pipes at MSU.” //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, March 13, 2019. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=7225" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=7225</a>. **Brock, Terry** 2009a &emsp; “Survey Spot: Cowles House." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, September 9, 2009. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=158" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=158</a>. **Brock, Terry** 2009b &emsp; “More Survey, Today at Beaumont Tower." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, September 15, 2009. Accessed at: <a href= “http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=162” target=“_blank”> http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=162</a>. **Brock, Terry** 2009c &emsp; "The Archaeology of Student Labor," //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, October 21, 2009. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=177" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=177</a>. **Brock, Terry** 2010 &emsp; "Saints’ Rest Field Report," CAP Report No. 1, Manuscript, MSU Campus Archaeology, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1-Saints-Rest-Report-Final.pdf" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1-Saints-Rest-Report-Final.pdf</a>. **Bright, Lisa** 2016 &emsp; "Mabel, Take a Bow: Piecing Together the Biography of a Doll." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, March 20, 2016. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4104" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4104</a>. **Bright, Lisa** 2017 &emsp; "A Closer Look at the Berlin Swirl Ceramic Pattern." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 28, 2017. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4968" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4968</a>. **Burbank, Josh** 2015 &emsp; “Identifying Gendered Space in MSU’s Past." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, March 19, 2015. Accessed at: <a href= “http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3543” target=“_blank”> http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3543</a>. **Castanier, Bill** 2013 &emsp; Preserving the Legacy of Morrill Hall. MSU Alumni, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href= “https://alumni.msu.edu/stay-informed/story.cfm?id=611” target=“_blank”>https://alumni.msu.edu/stay-informed/story.cfm?id=611</a>. **Collins-Cecil, Erin** 2015 &emsp; “Diagnosing Issues of Brick Masonry Walls," //Berman and Wright: Architecture, Engendering, and Planning//, March 13, 2015. Accessed at: <a href= “https://bermanwright.com/diagnosing-issues-of-brick-masonry-walls/” target=“_blank”>https://bermanwright.com/diagnosing-issues-of-brick-masonry-walls/</a>. **Daggett, Adrianne** 2014 &emsp; “Transportation in and Around Campus During Its Early Years: A Brief Look.” //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, June 10, 2014. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3058" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3058</a>. **Field, Emily** 2012 &emsp; Exhibit - Early Women of M.A.C.: A look at the first three decades of classes, activities, and landmark moments for women on campus. Archives and Historical Collections, Michigan State University. Accessed at: <a href= "https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/162-567-44/early-mac-women/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Exhibit/162-567-44/early-mac-women/</a>. **Fitz-Gerald, Kyla** 2014 &emsp; "Goo and Gunk: Cosmetics and Masculinity," Poster presented at the Northwest Anthropological Conference in Bellingham, WA. <a href="https://kooskiaarchaeology.wordpress.com/student-posters/" target=“_blank”>https://kooskiaarchaeology.wordpress.com/student-posters/</a>. **Forman-Brunell, Miriam** 1993 &emsp; //Made to Play House: Dolls and the Commercialization of American Girlhood, 1830–1930.// Yale University Press, New Haven, CT **Fuller, Geo B.** 1900 &emsp "The Evolution of the Automobile." //M.A.C. Record// March 13, 1900. Vol 5, No. 25. East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3449/19000313sm.pdf" target=“_blank”>https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3449/19000313sm.pdf</a>. **Harrison, Ian** 2014 &emsp; “Cisterns: MSU’s History of Water.” //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, June 19, 2014. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3093" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3093</a>. **Helton, Emily G.** 2010 &emsp; "Education and Gender in New Philadelphia." In //New Philadelphia: Racism, Community, and the Illinois Frontier//, Christopher C. Fennell, Terrance J. Martin, and Paul A. Shackel, editors. Thematic issue, //Historical Archaeology// 44(1):112-124. **Isa, Mari** 2019 &emsp; "The Most Interesting Artifact from MSU's Historic Campus? The "Moore" Artifact, 10 Years Later." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, April 24, 2019. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=7473" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=7473</a>. **Kooiman, Susan** 2016 &emsp; "Throw the Pipe Down the Pooper! Smoking and Subterfuge at MSU." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 4, 2016. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3979" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3979</a>. **Kooiman, Susan** 2018 &emsp; "The Ritual Landscape of Michigan State University." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, April 17, 2018. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=6014" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=6014</a>. **Kuhn, Madison.** 1955 &emsp; //Michigan State: The First Hundred Years, 1855-1955.// The Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732" target=“_blank”>https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071497732</a>. **Lewandowski, David and Terry Brock** 2010 &emsp; College Hall Field Report, CAP Report No. 8. Manuscript, MSU Campus Archaeology East Lansing, MI. **M.A.C. Record** 1908 &emsp; “The Evolution of the Automobile." //M.A.C. Record//, Vol. 5, No. 25, March 13, 1900. Michigan Agricultural College. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-3449/the-mac-record-vol05-no25-march-13-1900/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-3449/the-mac-record-vol05-no25-march-13-1900/</a>. **M.A.C. Record** 1908 &emsp; “Night-Shirt Parade." //M.A.C. Record//, Vol. 13, No. 38, June 30, 1908. Michigan Agricultural College. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-5069/the-mac-record-vol13-no38-june-30-1908//" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-5069/the-mac-record-vol13-no38-june-30-1908//</a>. **M.A.C. Record** 1916a &emsp; “How Students Stand on State Prohibition." //M.A.C. Record//, Vol. XXL, July 6, 1916. Michigan Agricultural College. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-5778/the-mac-record-vol21-no36-july-6-1916/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-5778/the-mac-record-vol21-no36-july-6-1916/</a>. **M.A.C. Record** 1916b &emsp; “Does Prohibition Prohibit?” //M.A.C. Record//, Vol. XXIL, Oct. 3, 1916. Michigan Agricultural College. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-5798/the-mac-record-vol22-no02-october-3-1916/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-5798/the-mac-record-vol22-no02-october-3-1916/</a>. **M.A.C. Record** 1924 &emsp; “Prohibition Vote Is Headed Off." //M.A.C. Record//, Vol. XXIX, March 17, 1924. Michigan Agricultural College. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-371/the-mac-record-vol29-no23-march-17-1924/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/162-565-371/the-mac-record-vol29-no23-march-17-1924/</a>. **Majewski, Teresita, and Michael J. O'Brien** 1987 &emsp; “The Use and Misuse of Nineteenth-Century English and American Ceramics in Archaeological Analysis." //Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory//, vol. 11, pp. 97–209. **Meyers Emery, Kate** 2015 &emsp; "More Than Just Nightsoil: Preliminary Findings from MSU’s First Privy." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, November 12, 2015. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3852" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3852</a>. **Meyers Emery, Kate** 2016 &emsp; "Frozen Charlotte: A Cautionary Tale Baked into a Cake." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 9, 2016. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3934" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3934</a>. **Michael, Amy** 2013 &emsp; "MSU Archival Tidbits: Labor, Fires, and Enrollment." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, March 26, 2013. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2017" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2017</a>. **Michael, Amy** 2014a &emsp; "Memoirs, Letters, and Sketches from Early Campus Residents." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, January 14, 2014 Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2572" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2572</a>. **Michael, Amy** 2014b &emsp; "Gendered Experiences on the Historic Campus: A Look Through the Memoirs of Irma Thompson." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, January 14, 2014, February 11, 2014. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2676" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2676</a>. **Michael, Amy** 2014c &emsp; "Gender, History, Space, Artifacts, Use..." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, September 11, 2014. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3223" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3223</a>. **Michael, Amy** 2016 &emsp; "Rock Me Like A Hurricane (Lamp Shade): Kerosene Lamps on Campus." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, October 27, 2016. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4446" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=4446</a>. **Michigan Legislative Council** 2020 [1963} &emsp; "Constitution of Michigan of 1963." Legislative Council, State of Michigan. Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 149 of 2020. Accessed at: <a href= "http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-chap1.pdf"target=“_blank”>http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-chap1.pdf</a>. **MSU Archives** 1855 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1855. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, UA 1, MINUTES 1855, MSU Archives & Historical Collections, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href="https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-229/meeting-minutes-1855//" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-229/meeting-minutes-1855/</a>. **MSU Archives** 1856 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1856. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, UA 1, MINUTES 1856, MSU Archives & Historical Collections, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href= "https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-230/meeting-minutes-1856/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-230/meeting-minutes-1856/</a>. **MSU Archives** 1857 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1857. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, UA 1, MINUTES 1857, MSU Archives & Historical Collections, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href= "https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-231/meeting-minutes-1857/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-231/meeting-minutes-1857/</a>. **MSU Archives** 1883 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1883. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, UA 1, MINUTES 1883, MSU Archives & Historical Collections, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href= "https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-259/meeting-minutes-1883/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-259/meeting-minutes-1883/</a>. **MSU Archives** 1903 &emsp; Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes 1903. Minute Books, Offices of Board of Trustees and President, UA 1, MINUTES 190, MSU Archives & Historical Collections, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Accessed at: <a href= "https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-320/meeting-minutes-1903/" target=“_blank”>https://onthebanks.msu.edu/Object/157-544-320/meeting-minutes-1903/</a>. **MSU Archives** 2011 "The Women of West Circle." //University Archives and Historical Collections online exhibit// Accessed at: <a href= "https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/tag/linda-landon/" target=“_blank”>https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/tag/linda-landon/</a>. **MSU Campus Archaeology** 2019 &emsp; "The Archaeology of MSU in 20 Artifacts." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program// Exhibit, Digital Cultural Heritage. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?page_id=6943" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?page_id=6943</a>. **MSU Campus Archaeology** 2020 &emsp; "Project Partners." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?page_id=6145" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?page_id=6145</a>. **Mustonen, Heather L.** 2007 &emsp; //Public Archaeology and Community Engagement at Michigan State University: The Saints’ Rest Archaeological Project//. Master's Thesis, Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. **Orser, Charles E.** 2002 &emsp; //Encyclopedia of historical archaeology//. London: Routledge. **Painter, Autumn** 2018a &emsp; "How to Prepare for a Summer of Construction on MSU's Campus." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 8, 2018. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5846" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5846</a>. **Painter, Autumn** 2018b &emsp; "Continuing Preparations for Summer Construction on Campus." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, March 29, 2018. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5981" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5981</a>. **Painter, Jeff** 2019 &emsp; “The Many Faces of Cowles House, MSU’s Oldest Building.” //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, April 3, 2018. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5987" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5987</a>. **Raslich, Nicole** 2016 &emsp; “Water Sanitation at MSU." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, February 3, 2016. Accessed at: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3974" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=3974</a>. **Samford, Patricia** 2019 &emsp; Colonial and Post-Colonial Ceramics. Manuscript, Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory, Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum, Maryland Historical Trust/Maryland Dept of Planning. **Slon, Bethany** 2013 &emsp; "Inkwells on Campus." //MSU Campus Archaeology Program//, July 22, 2013. Accessed at: <a href= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2221" target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=2221</a>. **Sodders Betty** 1997 &emsp; //Michigan on Fire//. Thunder Bay Press, MI. **Spartantiques** 2019 &emsp; "Breaking the Seal - Spartantiques Collectors Corner." //The Only Colors//, Oct 23, 2019. Accessed at: <a href="https://www.theonlycolors.com/2019/10/23/20920523/breaking-the-seal-spartantiques-collectors-corner" target=“_blank”>https://www.theonlycolors.com/2019/10/23/20920523/breaking-the-seal-spartantiques-collectors-corner</a>. **Stanford, Linda O. and C. Kurt Dewhurst** 2002 &emsp; //MSU Campus: Buildings, Places, Spaces// East Lansing, Michigan State University Press. **Thompson, Irma** 1890s &emsp; Irma Thompson Papers. MSU Archives and Historical Collections, East Lansing, MI. **Tyrell, Paul-Matthias** 2015 &emsp; “Utilizing a Border as a Local Economic Resource: The Example of the Prohibition-Era Detroit-Windsor Borderland (1920–33).” //Comparative American Studies an International Journal//, 13 (1-2): 16-30. **U.S. Census Bureau** 1975 &emsp; "Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970," Department of Commerce, 93rd Congress, 1st Session, House Document No.93-78 (Part 1). **Wilson, Douglas C.** 1994 &emsp; "Identification and assessment of secondary refuse aggregates." //Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory// 1, 41–68. Accessed at: <a href= “https://doi-org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/10.1007/BF02229423” target=“_blank”> https://doi-org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/10.1007/BF02229423</a>. **Wisconsin Historical Society** 2020 &emsp; “Identifying Problems with Your Historic Brick Foundation.” Wisconsin Historical Society. Accessed at: <a href= “https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS4217” target=“_blank”> https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS4217</a>. ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

# (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Campus Archaeology Program (CAP)] <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/MSU%20CampArch%20logo.jpg?raw=true" alt= "MSU Campus Archaeology Program official logo." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">MSU Campus Archaeology Program official logo.</div> The MSU Campus Archaeology Program (CAP) was founded in 2007, two years after the [[Saints' Rest field school|Saints' Rest Archaeology]]. This field school revealed the rich history located just beneath our feet on MSU's campus, as well as a need for proper archaeological techniques to [[mitigate]] and protect these historical artifacts. Today, CAP archaeologists work closely with numerous organizations, including the MSU Infrastructure, Planning, and Facilities (IPF) to assist with any construction work on campus. CAP also partners with the MSU Archives and Historical Collections to document, interpret, and share MSU’s vibrant history. With the proper resources, CAP increases the public understanding of MSU’s cultural heritage through contribution to academic journals, developing outreach opportunities throughout the community, and presenting our research and findings on campus in creative ways, including events like the haunted tour and historical meal reconstruction events. <img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/construction2.jpg" alt= "Shovel test survey in construction zone. Image shows five CAP archaeologists digging and screening dirt in a large area cleared by construction crews." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Shovel test survey in construction zone.</div> </div> IPF plans, builds, and maintains the physical environment for the university’s education, research, and outreach missions. The great working relationship between CAP and IPF allows CAP to learn about these projects before they begin so they can plan the best way to mitigate any risk to archaeological deposits. The combination of archaeological survey, monitoring construction, and archival research will ensure that CAP is doing everything that it can to protect MSU’s archaeological heritage (Painter 2018a, 2018b; CAP 2020)! MSU Archives and Historical Collections helps provide CAP with the resources to understand the history of particular places on campus, including its past occupants, activities, or structures and what materials, if any, may be buried and mostly forgotten. #### (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Check out the CAP website to learn more about their work on MSU's campus!] Webpage: <a href="http://campusarch.msu.edu/" target=“_blank” target=“_blank”>http://campusarch.msu.edu/</a> #### (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Or check out any of CAP's social media pages!] Twitter: <a href="http://twitter.com/capmsu" target=“_blank” target=“_blank”>@capmsu</a> Instagram: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/capmsu/?hl=en" target=“_blank” target=“_blank”>@capmsu</a> Facebook: <a href="http://www.facebook.com/capmsu" target=“_blank” target=“_blank”>@capmsu</a> YouTube: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6MpWkRZHbDs7ZhTxwGnhfw" target=“_blank” target=“_blank”>MSU CAP YouTube Channel</a> Sketchfab: <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Definition: Porcelain] Porcelain refers a variety of dense, highly vitreous and translucent white-bodied wares. There are a wider variety of porcelains, which are typically divided into categories of //soft paste//, //bone china//, and //hard paste// (Majewski and O’Brien 1987; Samford 2019). Hard paste porcelain is fired at temperatures above 2300°F and includes Chinese, Japanese, and most continental European produced porcelains. It was made in China as early as the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) and exported to Europe in larger amounts by the 17th century. Hard paste porcelain was reproduced in France in 1710 and England in 1782. Soft paste porcelain and bone china were produced in the 18th century as English potters experimented with porcelain formulas. Both are fired at lower temperatures and are more porous than hard paste varieties. Bone china became the standard English porcelain early in the 19th century (Majewski and O’Brien 1987). The sugar bowl below is an example of German hard paste porcelain found on campus. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/IMG_5202.jpg" alt= "Z.S. & Co Sugar Bowl from the Brody/Emmons Complex. Sugar bowl is decorated with pink floral decal and gilding." style="max-width:100%"> <BR> <BR> <div class="center">Z.S. & Co Sugar Bowl from the Brody/Emmons Complex. Sugar bowl is decorated with pink floral decal and gilding.</div></div> <div class="column"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/IMG_5197.jpg" alt= "Makers mark on base of Z.S. & Co Sugar Bowl from the Brody/Emmons Complex. Mark reads: 'Mingnon / Z.S.&C / Bavaria', where Mignon refers to the name of the vessel's shape." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center">Makers mark on base of Z.S. & Co Sugar Bowl from the Brody/Emmons Complex. Mark reads: 'Mingnon / Z.S.&C / Bavaria', where Mignon refers to the name of the vessel's shape.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Most porcelain vessels imported into the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries were decorated (Majewski and O’Brien 1987). Chinese-produced export porcelain teawares were often decorated with cobalt blue designs and had a strong and lasting impact on the British and continental European ceramic industry. These expensive vessels were transported throughout European colonies (Barker and Majewski 2006). Because if this, cobalt blue decoration was one of the most common styles of European-produced porcelain up until 1880. <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/image-2.png" alt= "Five small porcelain sherds from the Gunson site. One is hand painted in blue, another in pink, and a third has a polychrome, or multicolored floral motif. Two others have little decoration." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Assorted porcelain from the Gunson site. One is hand painted in blue, another in pink, and a third has a polychrome, or multicolored floral motif. Two others have little decoration. </div> </div> During the last decades of the 19th century, the porcelain market became more diversified because vessels produced in China, Japan, England, Germany, France, and other European producers were all competing for a share of the American market (Majewski and O’Brien 1986). Decoration changed as well, breaking away from the 1880 decal styles as pairings with gilded or embossed designs became more common. The two ceramic dolls, [[Mabel]] and a Frozen Charlotte figurine, found in the West Circle Privy are both made of porcelain! In the late, 19th century porcelain dolls made primarily in Germany became much more accessible to consumers in the United States. The small Frozen Charlotte figurines, for instance, were often sold for only a penny during the second half of the 19th century (Meyers Emery 2016). <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_1674.jpg" alt= "Mabel Post-Reconstruction." style="max-width:100%"> <div class="center">Mabel Post-Reconstruction.</div></div> <div class="column"><img src="https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/IMG_1639-e1452885802935.jpg" alt= "Frozen Charlotte, about four inches tall." style="max-width:50%"> <div class="center">Frozen Charlotte, about four inches tall.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ## <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Illicit Activity on Campus: Rule Breaking and Revolt] Although smoking was not officially banned at the M.A.C. until 1908, it was seen as a corrupting influence on students by both faculty and students alike and had been heavily discouraged since the school’s inception (Kuhn 1955: 60, 92, 144, 210). Indeed, the rules for [[Saints' Rest]], the first dorm on campus specifically prohibited “the use of tobacco and other narcotics” (Kooiman 2016). Similarly, the consumption of alcohol at MSU has always been banned. In 1888, President Willits even banned students from traveling to the bars in nearby Lansing to drink during their leisure time. Even off campus, alcohol consumption was limited. When East Lansing was incorporated in 1907, it was a dry town, meaning no alcohol was sold by any business in the city. This prohibition of alcohol expanded to the entire state in a referendum in 1916 with the law going into effect in 1918, one year before the passing of the 18th Amendment (Kuhn 1955:60, 143-144, 321). Despite all this, CAP archaeologists often find the remains of both alcohol bottles and smoking pipes during excavations on campus. <div class="row3"> <div class="column3"> <img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1-4-9FC-49-A001801.jpg" alt= "Eleven male students at Michigan Agricultural College are shirtless and posing for a photo while smoking pipes and holding cards and bottles of liquid that are presumably alcohol c. 1906. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Male students smoking pipes and holding cards and bottles of liquid, c. 1906. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column3"><img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Saints-Rest-rules.jpg" alt= "Rules at Saints Rest Dormitory."style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Rules at Saints' Rest Dormitory.</div></div> <div class="column3"><img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/alcohol-bottles.png" alt= "A variety of alcohol bottles recovered from the Brody/Emmons amphitheater excavations, 2009 and 2011." style="max-width:100%;"> <BR> <div class="center">A variety of alcohol bottles recovered from the Brody/Emmons amphitheater excavations, 2009 and 2011.</div> <br> <br clear="all"></div> Archaeology has the power to reveal what went on behind written rules and official stories. Despite stigma, building rules, and the general smoking ban, eighty-eight clay pipe fragments were recovered from the 2005 excavation of Saints’ Rest and more were recovered from the 2015 excavations of the [[West Circle Privy|Saints' Rest Archaeology]] (Mustonen 2007; Kooiman 2016). One possible explanation for why a fragment of a smoking pipe was found in the outdoor toilet was a rule breaking student may have needed to dispose of the illicit pipe before getting caught. Hiding it in a chamber pot would certainly stop anyone from finding it! <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/CAP-pipe.jpg" alt= "Small pipe fragment from west circle privy, analysis showed it to be manufactured by Peter Dorni between 1850 and 1880." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Small pipe fragment from west circle privy, analysis showed it to be manufactured by Peter Dorni between 1850 and 1880. </div> </div> <div class="column"> <BR> <BR> <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Peter-Dorni-pipe.jpg" alt= "Example of a Peter Dorni pipe from a Netherlands based collector website https://www.claypipes.nl/" style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Example of a Peter Dorni pipe from a Netherlands based collector website. <a href="https://www.claypipes.nl/merken/cijfers/51/" target=“_blank”>https://www.claypipes.nl</a>. </div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> Other smoking pipes were found during the 2010 excavations of College Hall near Beaumont Tower, including this largely intact pipe (MSU Campus Archaeology Program 2019). The maker’s mark on this pipe reads “I.G. PRENCE”, which is likely a misspelling of “I.G. Prince”, thus making this pipe an imitation. Prince was a major clay pipe manufacturer in the Netherlands during the 19th century. <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/i_g__prence_smoking_pipe.gif?w=1200" alt= "To GIF of a clay smoking pipe labeled "I.G. PRENCE // IN GOTHA"". The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">To GIF of a clay smoking pipe labeled “I.G. PRENCE // IN GOTHA". <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan. </div> </div> During Prohibition in Michigan from 1918 to 1933, a time when state and federal law made it illegal to produce, buy, sell, or transport alcohol, those who wanted to drink alcohol had to do it in secret, either at home or in discreet bars known as blind pigs. This did not mean, however, that alcohol was in short supply. Due to its proximity to Windsor, Canada, Detroit became the leading importer of smuggled liquor in the country (Tyrell 2015; Biggs 2017). <img src= "https://i1.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-17-at-12.58.37-PM.png" alt= "Photo of alcohol smuggling bust from truck with false bottom. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">Photo of alcohol smuggling bust from truck with false bottom. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections.</div> </div> How can we use archaeology to understand people’s reactions to prohibition at MSU and in East Lansing? CAP archaeologists studying the dozens of glass vessels found during the Brody Hall and Emmons Amphitheater area excavations and noticed that many were alcohol bottles. This area was used as the city dump from the 1920s until the 1950s and as it abutted MSU, it can tell us much about what students and residents were consuming and discarding during those years. We know from these bottles that people in East Lansing were consuming alcohol and while none of the bottles CAP has yet identified have been specifically dated to the prohibition years, we can connect them to a culture of rule breaking and revolt at M.A.C. in the late 1910s and early 1920s. These years were infamous for their “Bolshevik Days” when students protested high tuition fees, took their own holidays off, collectively skipped classes, or had impromptu dances (Kuhn 1955:321). <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-4125/A001271.jpg" alt= "Signs of protest, a photograph from 1921 shows female students marching during Homecoming Parade with signs to recognize the first co-eds on campus. The signs in image read: ‘What 51 years have accomplished’; ‘1895 the first H.E. girls’; ‘1870 the first co-eds’. Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">Signs of protest, a photograph from 1921 shows female students marching during Homecoming Parade with signs to recognize the first co-eds on campus. The signs in image read: ‘What 51 years have accomplished;' ‘1895 the first H.E. girls;' and ‘1870 the first co-eds.' Image courtesy of MSU Archives & Historical Collections. </div> </div> During this time, there was also intense debates about alcohol and prohibition on campus. Three articles in the <i>M.A.C. Record</i>, dating from 1916 to 1924, illustrate the atmosphere towards prohibition on campus. In 1916, the paper published an anonymous survey asking students whether they supported or opposed prohibition. They found that, “a large percentage of the students in favor of prohibition” (M.A.C. Record 1916a). However, later that year the paper ran another article asking, “Does Prohibition Prohibit?” and reported on a story where a math professor and President Kedzie intercepted a suitcase full of whiskey and anti-prohibition fliers. The author praised the authorities and criticized the efforts of “wet forces” to disparage prohibition efforts (M.A.C. Record 1916b). A third article, this one during prohibition, seems to show dissent in the general student body as the administration canceled a vote among students and faculty to see if: 1) they preferred the law, or 2) wished it would be changed or abolished. The paper notes, “apparently the fear that the registered vote might not indicate the actual sentiment of the campus was one of the considerations which prompted the suppression of the movement” (M.A.C. Record 1924). Whether they were patronizing local blind pigs, revolting on campus, or drinking with friends on or off campus, students then, as now, seemed to take great pleasure in breaking the rules and challenging what was allowed. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column3 { float: left; width: 33%; padding: 2px; } .row3::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Cowles House] <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/cowles_house_painting_A000484.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Photograph of a watercolor painting of the Cowles House. Text on the back of the photograph: ‘Watercolour-1895. Belonged to Jessie Beal - Daughter of W.J. Beal. Received from Roger D. Baker, 303 Swift Ave., Durham North Carolina. Photo of painting July 31, 1970. Beal Lived Here - 38 years.’ Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:95%;"> <div class="center">Watercolor painting of the Cowles House. Belonged to Jessie Beal - Daughter of W.J. Beal. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3053/A000484.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> Cowles House is now MSU’s oldest standing building (the next oldest is [[Linton Hall]]). It was constructed in 1857 as one of several homes built for the earliest faculty on [[Faculty Row|Mary Mayo Archaeology]]. Originally known as Faculty Row No. 7 and then as the President's House, Cowles House was given its current name in the late 1940s. In the 19th century Cowles House was home to the professors of Botany, such as [[William J. Beal|William Beal]] and Ernst Bessey, as well as to M.A.C.’s earliest presidents, Williams and Abbot. However, Cowles House was not only a place of residence, but was also a hub of campus entertainment. Early on, no organized social life existed on MSU’s campus. Instead, students gravitated towards homes on Faculty Row, where faculty and staff would regularly host small get-togethers. The Abbots were known to invite students and guests into their home with students stopping by weekly to read and discuss literature (Painter 2018). At some point after 1915 Cowles House was repurposed to serve a more administrative function, as a 1927 map lists it as the “Secretary’s House." <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/MSU%20Map.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Map showing MSU's campus as it would have appeared in 1927. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:95%;"> <div class="center">Map showing MSU's campus as it would have appeared in 1927 (indicated by red circle, added by CAP). Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> In 1941 Cowles House again became the residence for the University President: President Hannah and his family. The house was scheduled to be remodeled in 1941, but major reconstruction was postponed until the end of World War II. After the war, much of the house was rebuilt and a new wing was added to the west end. Only a portion of the original stands today, with the current structure being much larger than the original size (Brock 2009a; Painter 2018). It was used as a banquet hall until February 2020, when President Stanley became the latest MSU president to move into the house. <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/cowles_house_photo_A000483.jpg?raw=true" alt= "A view of Cowles House, ca. 1920. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">A view of Cowles House, ca. 1920. <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3052/A000483.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> </div> <div class="column"><img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Cowles_house_1940s_A000478.jpg?raw=true" alt= "A snow covered Cowles House. Text on the back of the photograph: 'Cowles House prior to reconstruction in late 1940s.' Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">A snow-covered Cowles House. 'Cowles House prior to reconstruction in late 1940s.' <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-3051/A000478.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> <br><br clear="all"></div> Funds for the reconstruction of the house after World War II were provided by the Fred C. Jenison Estate. It was at this point the house was given its current name, as Alice B. Cowles was the mother of Mr. Jenison and the daughter of Albert E. Cowles, a student in 1857 who helped in the construction of the original building (Kuhn 1955:402; Painter 2018). Cowles House has been of great interest to Campus Archaeology due to its location within the [[Sacred Space]]. As little has changed in this part of campus, this area has the potential for preserving intact archaeological deposits from the earliest days of campus. CAP has conducted numerous surveys around the building in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2014, but we are yet to find any clear features or concentrations of materials. Instead, only a diffuse scatter of artifacts has been found around the building. Brick fragments, window glass, nails, and other construction debris are the most common objects found, but a few [[ceramic sherds|whiteware ceramic]], animal bones, bottle glass, and two golf balls have also been recovered. In general, this record is likely the result of construction and remodeling episodes, mixed in with trash from everyday life (Painter 2018). <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/image-12.png" alt= "Artifacts from south of Cowles House, Shovel Test Pit G1. These artifacts include whiteware ceramic, brick, glass, and coal fragments." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Artifacts from south of Cowles House, Shovel Test Pit G1. These artifacts include whiteware ceramic, brick, glass, and coal fragments.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

### (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Irma Thompson] <img src= "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/main/Irma_Thomas_photo_2687.webp" alt= "Photograph of Irma Thompson, circa 1900 Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections" style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Photograph of Irma Thompson, circa 1900. <a href="https://msuarchives.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/2687.jpg?w=670&h=978" target"_blank">Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</a></div> Some key resources CAP archaeologists have used to answer questions about [[gendered landscapes|Gendered Landscape]] are the journals and scrapbooks of Irma Thompson, preserved in the MSU Archives. Irma Thompson came to the [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] in 1897 as a student when she was 16 years old. She was in one of the first cohorts of women at college to live in Abbot Hall and to take the new [[Women’s Course|Domestic Science Laboratory]]. Former CAP Fellow Amy Michael used Irma’s journals to learn about the experiences of students during a time when the college was becoming more accommodating to female students (Michael 2014b). <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Irma-Thompson-3.jpg" alt= "Sketch from Irma Thompson’s journal reads ‘the old tree seat outside of College Hall’. Drawing shows two seated women facing each other, one leaning against a large tree truck. Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections – Irma Thompson Papers." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">Sketch from Irma Thompson’s journal reads ‘the old tree seat outside of College Hall.' Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections – Irma Thompson Papers.</div> Irma’s journals also give details about the Women’s program and how the college had to adjust its curriculum to fit their conception of “Women’s Education." One entry describes the adjustment with regards to the manual labor students were required to perform: <span style="font-size: 85%">“According to the formal curriculum all students at MAC were enrolled for at least two hours a week of what was called work. The Ags had to work on the farm. The Engineers had to dig ditches, build buildings, or repair old buildings. Since the work had to be educational rather than merely utilitarian the programming committee were at a loss for a work assignment for the coeds. Somebody suggested 'household mechanics' so they sent us to the carpenter shop to learn how to use common tools. Our small group was greeted by the 'mechanical engineers' with hoots of derision. The instructor Hogt accepted us with amused forbearance... Our presence in their holy masculine domain was just an inconvenient joke..." (Thompson 1890s; Michael 2014b).</span> Irma’s description of the carpenter’s shop as a "holy masculine domain” is both comical and insightful. Her comedic side is also evident in her sketches of the classes she was talking as part of the Women’s Course. <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Irma-Thompson-2.jpg" alt= "Sketch from Irma Thompson’s journal, facial expressions for each subject: Drawing - Large smile; Chemistry - Smile; English - Slight Frown; Sewing - Large Frown; Physics - Sly smile; Botany - Very large frown, almost a grimace; Household Economy - Smile; Calisthenics - feet. Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections – Irma Thompson Papers." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">Sketch from Irma Thompson’s journal, facial expressions for each subject (notice botany). Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections – Irma Thompson Papers.</div> </div> Through her journals and her drawings, we can see how Irma Thompson experienced M.A.C. and how she felt viewed by other students, particularly by male students. In another entry Irma writes: <span style="font-size: 85%">“I had struggled along in a man’s world… the only female students being Professors’ daughters and 'specials' with influence on 'Faculty Row' or the State Board of Agriculture. But in the fall of 1896 all that was changed. The gates were thrown wide to women students, preferably those who would enroll for a four-year period” (Thompson 1890s; Michael 2014b). </span> The sketch below illustrates her experience in “a man’s world” quite well. It shows a large group of men leaning in to stare at three women while other female students look on from the safety of Abbot Hall (Michael 2014a). <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/Drawing.jpg?raw=true" alt= "Drawing by Irma Thompson of students gathered in front of Abbott Hall (late 1890s). Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections – Irma Thompson Papers." style="max-width:90%;"> <div class="center">Drawing by Irma Thompson of students gathered in front of Abbott Hall (late 1890s). Image Courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections – Irma Thompson Papers.</div> The College was changing, but for many years women faced heightened surveillance and were restricted to certain spaces on campus. Rules prohibited them from leaving [[Morrill Hall]] at night without a male chaperone and restricted how often they could leave campus (Kuhn 1955:208; Michael 2014c). These restrictions would be relaxed in the 1920s due to the efforts of the Women's Student Council (Kuhn 1955:320-321), but M.A.C. (later MSU) would remain a [[gendered landsacpe|Gendered Landscape]]. It is interesting to think of the many ways in which MSU is still gendered and what that means for current students at the University. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[College Hall] <img src="https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/College-Hall-painting-of-1957-photograph.jpg?w=864" alt= "College Hall surrounded by tree stumps, dated to 1957. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width: 100%;"> <div class="center">College Hall surrounded by tree stumps, dated to 1857. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> Built in 1856, College Hall was the first building constructed on MSU's campus. Due to a [[lack of funds|Lack of Funds]], all classroom instruction, including the first [[Chemistry Laboratory]], was limited to this one building during the first few decades of M.A.C.'s existence. In fact, while it is commonly known today as College Hall, it was simply called "The College" in the first few years as there was no other building to distinguish it from! Designed in part by John C. Holmes (who was responsible for the establishment of MSU), College Hall was supposed to have been a grand central structure featuring two adjacent wings. However, after the construction of the west wing, funds ran out and so the central portion and east wing were never constructed (Kuhn 1955:13). In addition to the chemistry laboratory on the first floor, the second and third floors housed classrooms, a library, and an agricultural museum. Holmes aimed to provide space for all disciplines he considered essential to the [[Agricultural College of the State of Michigan's|MSU Timeline]] pursuits in scientific agriculture: Chemistry, Biology, Veterinary Art, Mathematics, Practical Agriculture, and Practical Horticulture (Kuhn 1955:13). However, it took many years for MSU to actually accommodate all of those fields. Here are images of College Hall's floor plans, which illustrate how this small space would have been divided to accommodate studies for all students: <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2046/A007215_1.jpg" alt= "Blue Print for College Hall, Basement. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Blueprint for College Hall, Basement. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2047/A007215_2.jpg" alt= "Blue Print for College Hall, First Floor. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Blueprint for College Hall, First Floor. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br> <br clear="all"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2048/A007215_3.jpg" alt= "Blue Print for College Hall, Second Floor. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Blueprint for College Hall, Second Floor. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"><img src="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-565-2049/A007215_4.jpg" alt= "Blue Print for College Hall, Third Floor. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Blueprint for College Hall, Third Floor. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> <br> <br clear="all"> </div> However, it quickly became clear that College Hall had many [[structural problems|Poor Construction]] that required countless repairs, likely adding to the College's [[lack of funds|Lack of Funds]]. The [[M.A.C.|MSU Timeline]] did everything it could to save the building, but it eventually collapsed in 1918 and was never rebuilt. Today, [[Beaumont Tower]] stands to commemorate the original building. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Definition: White Granite] White granite or white ironstone are names for an extremely durable ceramic material made to look like European porcelain, but at a fraction of the cost of white earthenware. It is possible to distinguish white granite from refined white earthenware because the paste, the part of the vessel you see when looking at a broken piece of pottery, is much harder in white granite. Another distinction is that, unlike white earthenware, which has a quite porous or absorbent paste, white granite is often semi-vitreous or vitrified, meaning that the paste is glass like and will not absorb water (Majewski and O’Brien 1987). Archaeologists can test this by sticking ceramics to their tongue! The more porous the paste, the better it will stick. White granite was popular in the mid-19th century and was typically unpainted, but often had molded decoration, like the thistle motif on the chamber pot. Another ceramic material similar to white granite is referred to as Ironstone which was popular in the early 19th century. Unlike later white granite, this vitrified ceramic was often decorated with transfer print designs (Majewski and O’Brien 1987). Examples of white granite found at MSU: <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/4ToothbrushCase.gif?w=1200" alt= "GIF of a toothbrush case made of durable white Ironstone. This object was probably originally white, but today is charred black from the fire. Recovered in 2005 from Saints’ Rest Dormitory. The full model can be viewed on CAP’s Sketchfab account. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">GIF of a toothbrush case made of durable white ironstone. This object was probably originally white, but today is charred black from the fire. Recovered in 2005 from Saints’ Rest Dormitory. The full model can be viewed on <a href="https://sketchfab.com/capmsu" target=“_blank”>CAP's Sketchfab account</a>. This model was created by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft PhotoScan.</div> </div> <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_1736.jpg" alt= "'Berlin Swirl' pattern plate. We have this pattern produced by two manufacturers. The Berlin Swirl pattern is characterized by a series of paired plumes following the rim of the plate, or around the body of cups. Photo source: Lisa Bright (2017)." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">“Berlin Swirl” pattern plate. CAP has recovered this ceramic pattern produced by two different manufacturers. The Berlin Swirl pattern is characterized by a series of paired plumes following the rim of the plate, or around the body of cups (Bright 2017).</div> </div> <img src= "https://i2.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/cup-and-saucer-1860s.jpg" alt= "Berlin Swirl handless cup and matching saucer. Recovered from West Circle Privy." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Berlin Swirl handless cup and matching saucer. Recovered from West Circle Privy.</div> </div> <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/IMG_1734.jpg" alt= "Liddle Elliot & Sons makers mark from Berlin Swirl Dish – recovered from West Circle Privy." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Liddle Elliot & Sons makers mark from Berlin Swirl Dish – recovered from West Circle Privy.</div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Definition: Mitigation] Simply put, mitigation is the protection of material culture and other archaeological data that would otherwise be destroyed by human or environmental impacts. There are several techniques that archaeologists use to investigate the archaeological potential of a site in addition to digging. Each stage of the process, from learning about a site area from historical records to survey, monitoring, and excavation can all be regarded as mitigation because in each step, the archaeological potential is identified and solutions to avoid damage are sought. Even as archaeologists, we think that the best way to avoid damaging cultural remains is to not impact them at all! If background research indicates that construction activities may impact an archaeological site, we can provide guidance for altering the project so that the plan avoids any areas with high archaeological potential. However, avoidance is not always possible and that when archaeologists can excavate to mitigate, or lessen, the loss of cultural resources. <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/7395/13957776557_9031438ddf_6k.jpg" alt= "Old Vet Lab Excavation, 2014. Image shows three CAP archaeologists moving dirt above a large excavation pit where construction workers and excavator machines work." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Old Vet Lab Excavation, 2014.</div> </div> This type of mitigation, or cultural resource management, began in American archaeology with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 which dictates when mitigation must be done. When a potential site cannot be avoided, archaeologists work with agencies like the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), who represent state government and state preservation interests, and Tribal Historic Preservation Officer(s) (THPO), who represent federally recognized American Indian tribes and tribal preservation interests. The mitigation organization provides information on the site and project and recommends a course of action. Then, the SHPO and THPO comment on those recommendations, but the final decision rests with the state or federal agency in charge of the project (Orser 2002:157-158). While mitigation work at MSU is seldom federally mandated, CAP has developed a strong working relationship with Infrastructure Planning and Facilities (IPF) for our mutual benefit and for the benefit of MSU and those interested in the history of the university and the surrounding area. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Definition: White Earthenware Ceramics ] Refined white earthenware refers to factory produced pottery with a white colored paste. It is one of the most commonly found artifacts in late 18th and 19th century sites, as it was produced in a variety of forms, including: dinner plates, bowls, tea cups and saucers, as well as mixing bowls, washbasins, and chamber pots. Refined white earthenware produced in Britain during the 19th century is also one of the most useful ceramics for dating purposes, as it has a well understood chronology based on changes in decoration styles and techniques (Majewski and O’Brien 1987). CAP archaeologists have found many white earthenware ceramics on campus, including transfer printed and hand painted vessels! Examples of refined white earthenware found at MSU: <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/P3150214-2.png?raw=true" alt= "Three transfer print decorated ceramic sherds from Gunson site. Top left= brown transfer print sheet pattern, floral; Bottom left= blue transfer print, floral; Right= black transfer print, floral." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Three transfer print decorated ceramic sherds from Gunson site. Top left= brown transfer print sheet pattern, floral; Bottom left= blue transfer print, floral; Right= black transfer print, floral.</div> </div> <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/P3150215.jpg" alt= "Early 20th Century Flow Blue Johnson Brothers “Montana” Pattern. This is a floral pattern in a dark blue, intentionally blurry, transfer print." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Early 20th Century Flow Blue Johnson Brothers “Montana” Pattern.</div> </div> <img src= "https://i0.wp.com/campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/P3150216.jpg?zoom=2&resize=271%2C206" alt= "Early 20th Century Mercer Pottery Co. “Bordeaux” Pattern. This is a slightly abstract floral pattern in a medium blue, transfer print." style="max-width:55%;"> <div class="center">Early 20th Century Mercer Pottery Co. “Bordeaux” Pattern. </div> </div> To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[Sacred Space] <img src= "https://msuarchives.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/a000278.jpg" alt= "Sacred Space, dated to 1872. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Sacred Space, dated to 1872. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> The Sacred Space includes all the green space within West Circle Drive and denotes an area on MSU's campus where it is forbidden to construct any new buildings. It was officially given its title as such in 1906 by O. C. Simmonds, a school architect, during construction of West Circle Road. Simmonds was so impressed with the space, that he noted: "I should regard all the ground included in this area, marked… as a sacred space from which all buildings must be forever excluded. This area contains beautifully rolling land, with a pleasing arrangement of trees, many of which have developed into fine specimens. This area is, I am sure, that feature of the College which is most pleasantly and affectionately remembered by the students after they leave their Alma Mater, and I doubt if any instruction given has a greater effect upon their lives” (Stanford and Dewhurst 2002). A professional heritage group, the Olmstead Brothers, confirmed this sentiment almost a decade later when they recommended an expansion of the Sacred Space and argued to keep the oblong shape and winding sidewalks, rather than conforming to the more trendy rectangular spaces seen on other campuses (Stanford and Dewhurst 2002:17). In 1930, MSU took strides to simplify the space and removed many of the roads, such as the one that connected the Music Practice Hall to Cowles House. <img src= "http://campusarch.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Sacred-Space-Today_image-14.png" alt= "Sacred Space today (Kooiman 2018)." style="max-width:70%;"> <div class="center">Sacred Space today (Kooiman 2018).</div> Stanford and Dewhurst (2002) argue that “the responsibility for the future is to prove that a campus such as Michigan State can continue to be a place to study, work, reflect and join together in an inviting natural and built environment. A campus should be an enduring example of how we live on the land and the relationship, in microcosm, of society to nature." Thus, this Sacred Space demonstrates MSU's efforts to provide a central space for both students and faculty throughout its history. To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style>

## (css: "color: #fffea8;")[The Names of MSU] <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/MSU%20Name%20Timeline.jpg?raw=true" alt= "MSU Name Timeline, 1855-1964." style="max-width:80%;"> <div class="center">MSU Name Timeline, 1855-2020.</div> Although it is easily recognizable for its current name of Michigan State University, MSU has had several name changes over the years. Check out the timeline provided above or continue reading to learn more about each name change! ###1855 – Agricultural College of the State of Michigan Founded in 1885 to improve and teach the science and practice of agriculture (Kuhn 1955:9). From its start, MSU was dedicated to being the premier agricultural school in the state. ###1861 – State Agricultural College <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/162-566-191/A001797_1.jpg" alt= "Front cover of the State Agricultural College of Michigan Class Album from 1877. Logo has 'State Agricultural College Michigan' Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Front cover of the State Agricultural College of Michigan Class Album from 1877. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections.</div> </div> <div class="column"> <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/7285/8744214131_9898ac8666_c.jpg" alt= "Front Cover of the 1885 Class Album of the State Agricultural College. Logo has 'Michigan Agricultural College' Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Front Cover of the 1885 Class Album of the State Agricultural College. Logo has 'Michigan Agricultural College' Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections <a href="https://flic.kr/p/ejGodB" target=“_blank”>on flickr. </a></div> <br><br clear="all"></div> Removing Michigan from the official name resulted in the College being interchangeably referred to as "Michigan State Agricultural College" and "State Agricultural College of Michigan" in these years. As evidenced by these two yearbook covers. Unofficially, the name of the College was shortened to Michigan Agricultural College and the initials M.A.C. became its logo (Kuhn 1955:303). ###1909 – Michigan Agricultural College <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/7015/6472699811_08118cd22c_c.jpg" alt= "M.A.C. Seal, white on green background. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">M.A.C. Seal, white on green background. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/msuarchives/6472699811/in/photolist-9fAZpa-aRYh9B-9r7eJr" target=“_blank”>on flickr. </a></div> </div> In 1909 the state legislature designated the College "Michigan Agricultural College." ###1925 – Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/5147/5691228092_ea4a1aab36_n.jpg" alt= "MSC Seal 1934-1955, that reads: 'Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, Founded 1855'. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">MSC Seal 1934-1955. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/msuarchives/5691228092/in/photolist-9EV2Qh" target=“_blank”>on flickr. </a></div> </div> The state legislature and some current and former students wanted to rename M.A.C. "Michigan State College," removing "Agriculture" from its title, but this was met with heavy resistance. Alumni leaders among farmers and rural groups, as well as University of Michigan officials opposed the change. The name was eventually changed to “Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences” as a compromise, but the full name was rarely used. The “Agriculture and Applied Science” portion of the name was commonly omitted (Kuhn 1955:304-305). <img src= "https://live.staticflickr.com/3899/15084500120_e725bd727d_6k.jpg" alt= "Opposition: This image is of blue and yelllow graffiti painted on on side walk in front of Beaumont Tower which states 'MAC Always a Cow College to Us.', 1955. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections on flickr." style="max-width:100%;"> <div class="center">Opposition: This image is of blue and yelllow graffiti painted on on side walk in front of Beaumont Tower which states 'MAC Always a Cow College to Us.', 1955. Image courtesy of MSU Archives and Historical Collections <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/msuarchives/15084500120/in/album-72157632654162567/" target=“_blank”>on flickr.</a></div> </div> ###1955 – Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/MsuSeal.jpeg?raw=true" alt= "MSC Seal 1955-1964, that reads: 'Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science, Founded 1855.' Image courtesy of @Spartantiques 2019." style="max-width:75%;"> <div class="center">MSU Seal, 1955-1964. Image courtesy of @Spartantiques 2019.</div> </div> MSU officially becomes a university, but not legally permitted to remove "agriculture" from its name (cqql.net:MAC 2020). ###1964 – Michigan State University <img src= "https://github.com/MSU-CAP/Haunted-Tour-Twine/blob/main/seal%20green1.png?raw=true" alt= "Current MSU Seal." style="max-width:75%;"> <div class="center">Current MSU Seal.</div> </div> In 1964, the name was officially changed to simply “Michigan State University”. The 1963 Constitution of the State of Michigan allowed MSU to finally drop "Agriculture and Applied Science" from its name (Michigan Legislative Council 1963; cqql.net:MAC 2020). To find out more about the archaeology and apparitions at MSU, click the Home button below! ### <div class="center">[[Home|HomePage]]</div> ### <div class="center">[[References|Other References]]</div> </div> <style> img { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } </style> <style> .center { margin: auto; width: 80%; border: 2px solid #865283; padding: 5px; } </style> <style> .center { text-align: center; } </style> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .column { float: left; width: 50%; padding: 5px; } .row::before { content: ""; clear: both; display: table; } </style>